чета
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ceta"
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Church Slavonic чьсти (čĭsti), from Proto-Slavic *čisti. Colloquially and dialectally, the doublet читам (čitam) from Proto-Slavic *čitati is used as well.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ʃɛˈtɤ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛtɐ
Verb
чета́ • (četá) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective прочета́)
- to read
Conjugation
Conjugation of чета́ (conjugation 1.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | четя́щ četjášt |
чел čel |
четя́л četjál |
че́тен čéten |
чете́йки četéjki | |
| definite subject form | четя́щият četjáštijat |
че́лият čélijat |
— | че́теният čétenijat | |||
| definite object form | четя́щия četjáštija |
че́лия čélija |
— | че́тения čétenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | четя́ща četjášta |
че́ла čéla |
четя́ла četjála |
че́тена čétena | ||
| definite | четя́щата četjáštata |
че́лата čélata |
— | че́тената čétenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | четя́що četjášto |
че́ло čélo |
четя́ло četjálo |
че́тено čéteno |
че́тене čétene | |
| definite | четя́щото četjáštoto |
че́лото čéloto |
— | че́теното čétenoto |
че́тенето čéteneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | четя́щи četjášti |
че́ли čéli |
чете́ли četéli |
че́тени čéteni |
че́тения, че́тенета čétenija, čéteneta | |
| definite | четя́щите četjáštite |
че́лите čélite |
— | че́тените čétenite |
че́тенията, че́тенетата čétenijata, čétenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | чета́ četá |
чете́ш četéš |
чете́ četé |
чете́м četém |
чете́те četéte |
чета́т četát | |
| imperfect | четя́х četjáh |
чете́ше četéše |
чете́ше četéše |
четя́хме četjáhme |
четя́хте četjáhte |
четя́ха četjáha | |
| aorist | че́тох čétoh |
че́те čéte |
че́те čéte |
че́тохме čétohme |
че́тохте čétohte |
че́тоха čétoha | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and четя́л m, четя́ла f, четя́ло n, or чете́ли pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and чел m, че́ла f, че́ло n, or че́ли pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| чети́ četí |
чете́те četéte |
||||||
Alternative forms
- читам (čitam) — dialectal
Derived terms
verbs
- доизчета́ pf (doizčetá), доизчи́там impf (doizčítam)
- дочета́ pf (dočetá), дочи́там impf (dočítam)
- зачета́ pf (začetá), зачи́там impf (začítam)
- изчета́ pf (izčetá), изчи́там impf (izčítam)
- препрочета́ pf (prepročetá), препрочи́там impf (prepročítam)
- прочета́ pf (pročetá), прочи́там impf (pročítam)
- разчета́ pf (razčetá), разчи́там impf (razčítam)
- счета́ pf (sčetá), счи́там impf (sčítam)
Related terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *četa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛtɐ]
Noun
че́та • (čéta) f (relational adjective че́тен)
Usage notes
Traditionally refers to self-organized para-military troops that effectively acted as law enforcers (on a local level) during the late stages of the Ottoman Empire. Originally, they opposed and fought bandit bands, called hayduts. Later chetas turned against the central government and participated in uprisings against the Ottoman reign over the Balkans.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | че́та čéta |
че́ти čéti |
| definite | че́тата čétata |
че́тите čétite |
Derived terms
References
- “чета”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *četa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛta]
- Hyphenation: че‧та
- Rhymes: -ɛta
Noun
чета • (četa) f (plural чети)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | чета (četa) | чети (četi) |
| definite unspecified | четата (četata) | четите (četite) |
| definite proximal | четава (četava) | четиве (četive) |
| definite distal | четана (četana) | четине (četine) |
| vocative | чето (četo) | чети (četi) |
Derived terms
See also
References
- “чета” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu
Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic чета (četa, “troop, multitude, community”), from Proto-Slavic *četa, akin to Czech četa (“platoon, squad”), Serbo-Croatian чета, Bulgarian чета (četa), possibly Latin caterva.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t͡ɕɪˈta]
Audio: (file) - Homophone: Чита́ (Čitá)
Noun
чета́ • (četá) f inan (genitive четы́, nominative plural четы́, genitive plural чет)
- couple, pair
- match
- быть не чета́ кому-л или чему-л ― bytʹ ne četá komu-l ili čemu-l ― to not be in someone's league, to be inferior or superior in some respect
Declension
Related terms
- чётный (čótnyj), нечётный (nečótnyj)
- сочета́ние (sočetánije)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *četa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͡ʃêta/
- Hyphenation: че‧та
Noun
че̏та f (Latin spelling čȅta)