כבד

Aramaic

Verb

כְּבַד • (k'vad)

  1. to be heavy
  2. to burden, or to weigh down emotionally

Hebrew

Root
כ־ב־ד (k-b-d)
8 terms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *kabid- (“liver”), which literally means "heavy (one)", since when washing the internal organs of slaughtered animals the liver sinks on the ground. A similar etymology can be found in Russian лёгкое (ljóxkoje, “lung”), which is directly derived from лёгкий (ljóxkij, “light”), because in contrast to the liver the lungs swim on the surface.

Noun

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) m (plural indefinite כְּבֵדִים, singular construct כְּבֵד־, plural construct כִּבְדֵי־) [pattern: קָטֵל]

  1. liver (organ of the body)
    • Tanach, Leviticus 3:15, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      וְאֵת שְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיֹת וְאֶת־הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עֲלֵהֶן אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַכְּסָלִים וְאֶת־הַיֹּתֶרֶת עַל־הַכָּבֵד עַל־הַכְּלָיֹת יְסִירֶנָּה׃
      ve-et shtei ha-klayót ve-et ha-ḥéleḇ ashér 'aleihén ashér 'al ha-ksalím ve-et ha-yotéret 'al ha-kaḇéd 'al ha-klayót y'sirénnah.
      and the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the loins, and the lobe above the liver, which he shall take away by the kidneys.
    • Tanach, Ezekiel 21:26, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:
      כִּי־עָמַד מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל אֶל־אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ בְּרֹאשׁ שְׁנֵי הַדְּרָכִים לִקְסָם־קָסֶם קִלְקַל בַּחִצִּים שָׁאַל בַּתְּרָפִים רָאָה בַּכָּבֵד׃
      Ki 'amad melekh Bavel el em ha-derekh, b-rosh shnei ha-drakhim, liq'sam qasem: qilqal ba-ḥitzim, sha'al ba-trafim. ra'ah ba-kaḇed.
      For the king of Babylon standeth at the parting of the way, at the head of the two ways, to use divination; he shaketh the arrows to and fro, he inquireth of the teraphim, he looketh in the liver.
    • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah. Yoma, section 8.6:
      מִי שֶׁנְּשָׁכוֹ כֶלֶב שׁוֹטֶה, אֵין מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתוֹ מֵחֲצַר כָּבֵד שֶׁלוֹ, וְרַבִּי מַתְיָא בֶן חָרָשׁ מַתִּיר.
      Mi she-n'shakhó khélev shotéh, ein ma'akhilin otó me-ḥatzár kaḇéd sheló, v-Rábbi Mátya ven Ḥarásh matír.
      If a person was bitten by a mad dog, they may not feed him the lobe of the dog's liver, though Rabbi Matya ben Ḥarash permits it.
Declension
Declension of כָּבֵד
isolated forms with possessive pronouns
Number: State: form Person: singular plural
m f m f
singular indefinite כָּבֵד first כְּבֵדִי כְּבֵדֵנוּ
definite הַכָּבֵד second כְּבֵדְךָ כְּבֵדֵךְ כְּבֵדְכֶם כְּבֵדְכֶן
construct כְּבֵד־ third כְּבֵדוֹ כְּבֵדָהּ כְּבֵדָם כְּבֵדָן
plural indefinite כְּבֵדִים first כבדיי / כְּבֵדַי כְּבֵדֵינוּ
definite הַכְּבֵדִים second כְּבֵדֶיךָ כבדייך / כְּבֵדַיִךְ כִּבְדֵיכֶם כִּבְדֵיכֶן
construct כִּבְדֵי־ third כְּבֵדָיו כְּבֵדֶיהָ כִּבְדֵיהֶם כִּבְדֵיהֶן

Etymology 2

From Proto-Semitic, cognate with Akkadian 𒂂 (kabtum), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎁𐎄 (kbd), Arabic كَبِد (kabid) and Ge'ez ክቡድ (kəbud).

Adjective

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) (feminine כְּבֵדָה, masculine plural כְּבֵדִים) [pattern: קָטֵל]

  1. heavy, having much weight
Derived terms

Verb

כָּבֵד • (kavéd) (pa'al construction)

  1. to be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured
Conjugation
Conjugation of כָּבַד (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs)
non-finite forms to-infinitive לכבוד / לִכְבֹּד
action noun —
passive participle כָּבוּד
finite forms singular plural
m f m f
past first כָּבַדְתִּי כָּבַדְנוּ
second כָּבַדְתָּ כָּבַדְתְּ כְּבַדְתֶּם1 כְּבַדְתֶּן1
third כָּבַד כָּבְדָה כָּבְדוּ
present כָּבֵד כְּבֵדָה כְּבֵדִים כְּבֵדוֹת
future first אֶכְבַּד נִכְבַּד
second תִּכְבַּד תִּכְבְּדִי תִּכְבְּדוּ תִּכְבַּדְנָה2
third יִכְבַּד תִּכְבַּד יִכְבְּדוּ תִּכְבַּדְנָה2
imperative כְּבַד כִּבְדִי כִּבְדוּ כְּבַדְנָה2

1 Pronounced כָּבַדְתֶּם and כָּבַדְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew.
2 Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Verb

כִּבֵּד • (kibéd) (pi'el construction)

  1. defective spelling of כיבד

Noun

כֹּבֶד • (kóved) m

  1. defective spelling of כובד
References
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