Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kabid-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*kabid- m

liver

Inflection

Declension of *kabid-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kabidum	*kabidāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*kabidam	*kabidayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*kabidim	*kabidayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	kabidī / kabidVya	—	*kabidVni
2^nd person m	*kabidVka	kabidVkumā / kabidVkumay	*kabidVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*kabidVki	kabidVkumā / kabidVkumay	*kabidVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*kabidVšu	kabidVšumā / kabidVšumay	*kabidVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*kabidVša	kabidVšumā / kabidVšumay	*kabidVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kabiduya for nom. case, *kabidiya for gen. case, *kabidaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒅗𒁁𒌈 (kabattum, “innards; mood, mind”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: كَبِد (kabid), كِبْد (kibd)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic:
    - Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: כַּבדָּא (kaḇdā)
    - Classical Syriac: ܟܱ݁ܒܕܴ݁ܐ (kaḇdā, “liver; anger”)
  - Hebrew: כָּבֵד (kavéd, kāḇēd)
  - Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎁𐎄 (kbd /⁠kabidu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ሆድ (hod, “belly”)
  - Ge'ez: ከብድ (käbd, “liver, belly”)
  - Tigrinya: ከብዲ (käbdi, “liver, belly”)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 32