تاريخ

See also: تاریخ, تأريخ, and تارىخ

Arabic

Etymology

Likely a borrowing from (the broken plural of) a corresponding form II verbal noun formation of Old South Arabian 𐩥𐩧𐩭 (wrḫ /⁠warḫ⁠/, “month; date”) from Proto-Semitic *warḫ- (“moon; month”) not retained in Arabic.

Less common أَرَّخَ (ʔarraḵa, “to date, to write the date”) and its verbal noun تَأْرِيخ (taʔrīḵ) were then formed secondarily.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /taː.riːx/
Audio: (file)

Noun

تَارِيخ • (tārīḵ) m (plural تَوَارِيخ (tawārīḵ))

Declension

Declension of noun **تَارِيخ** (tārīḵ)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَارِيخ tārīḵ	التَّارِيخ at-tārīḵ	تَارِيخ tārīḵ
nominative	تَارِيخٌ tārīḵun	التَّارِيخُ at-tārīḵu	تَارِيخُ tārīḵu
accusative	تَارِيخًا tārīḵan	التَّارِيخَ at-tārīḵa	تَارِيخَ tārīḵa
genitive	تَارِيخٍ tārīḵin	التَّارِيخِ at-tārīḵi	تَارِيخِ tārīḵi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَارِيخَيْن tārīḵayn	التَّارِيخَيْن at-tārīḵayn	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
nominative	تَارِيخَانِ tārīḵāni	التَّارِيخَانِ at-tārīḵāni	تَارِيخَا tārīḵā
accusative	تَارِيخَيْنِ tārīḵayni	التَّارِيخَيْنِ at-tārīḵayni	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
genitive	تَارِيخَيْنِ tārīḵayni	التَّارِيخَيْنِ at-tārīḵayni	تَارِيخَيْ tārīḵay
plural	basic broken plural diptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	تَوَارِيخ tawārīḵ	التَّوَارِيخ at-tawārīḵ	تَوَارِيخ tawārīḵ
nominative	تَوَارِيخُ tawārīḵu	التَّوَارِيخُ at-tawārīḵu	تَوَارِيخُ tawārīḵu
accusative	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa	التَّوَارِيخَ at-tawārīḵa	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa
genitive	تَوَارِيخَ tawārīḵa	التَّوَارِيخِ at-tawārīḵi	تَوَارِيخِ tawārīḵi

Derived terms

تَارِيخِيّ (tārīḵiyy)
تَأْرِيخ (taʔrīḵ)
أَرَّخَ (ʔarraḵa)
مُؤَرِّخ (muʔarriḵ)

Descendants

→ Amharic: ታሪክ (tarik)
→ Armenian: թարեխ (tʻarex), թարեղ (tʻareġ), թարըղ (tʻarəġ), թարիղ (tʻariġ)
→ Bashkir: тарих (tarix)
→ Georgian: თარიღი (tariɣi)
→ Hausa: tār̃īhī̀
→ Hebrew: תַּאֲרִיךְ (ta'aríkh)
→ Kumyk: тарих (tarix)
→ Kyrgyz: тарых (tarıh)
→ Malay: tarikh
- Indonesian: tarikh
→ Old Anatolian Turkish: تارِیخ (tarix)
- Azerbaijani: tarix
- Ottoman Turkish: تارِیخ (tarih)
  - Turkish: tarih
  - → Albanian: tarih
- → Crimean Tatar: tarih
→ Persian: تارِیخ (târix), تأریخ (ta'rix) (archaic or Tajik)
- → Assamese: তাৰিখ (tarikh)
- → Bengali: তারিখ (tarikh)
- → Gujarati: તારીખ (tārīkh)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: तारीख़ (tārīx)
  Urdu: تارِیخ (tārīx)
  - → Phalura: taaríx
- → Kyrgyz: тарых (tarıh)
- → Marathi: तारीख (tārīkh)
- → Nogai: тарых (tarıx)
- → Southern Altai: тарых (tarïh)
- → Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਤਾਰੀਖ਼ (tārīx)
  Shahmukhi script: تارِیخ (tārīx)
- → Telugu: తారీఖు (tārīkhu)
→ Somali: taariikh
→ Southern Altai: тарых (tarïh)
→ Swahili: tarehe
→ Tatar: тарих (tarix)
→ Tigrinya: ታሪኽ (tarix)
→ Turkmen: taryh
→ Uyghur: تارىخ (tarix)
→ Uzbek: tarix
→ Wolof: taariix

References

Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “تاريخ”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 46b.
Wehr, Hans (1979) “ءرخ”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 15b
Weninger, Stefan (2009) “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”, in Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra. Analecta Semitica in memoriam Alexander Sima‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, →ISBN, page 399 Nr. 2

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ء ر خ
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /taː.riːx/, [tæːˈriːx]

Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Noun

تاريخ • (tārīḵ) m (plural تواريخ (tawārīḵ))

history
date