تبر

Borrowed from Aramaic תְּבְרָא / ܬܷܒܪܐ (təḇrā, “fragment”), absolute state תְּבַר / ܬܒܱܪ (tḇar), from תְּבַר / ܬܒܱܪ (tḇar, “to break, to fract”), the Aramaic equivalent to Arabic ثَبَرَ (ṯabara, “to destroy”).

تِبْر • (tibr) m (collective, singulative تِبْرَة f (tibra))

1. pure, unalloyed ore of gold or silver
   • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 23:24:

     الذَّهَبُ بِٱلذَّهَبِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَٱلْفِضَّةُ بِٱلْفِضَّةِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَٱلْبُرُّ بِٱلْبُرِّ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلشَّعِيرُ بِٱلشَّعِيرِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلتَّمْرُ بِٱلتَّمْرِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلْمِلْحُ بِٱلْمِلْحِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ

     aḏ-ḏahabu bi-ḏ-ḏahabi tibruhā waʕaynuhā wal-fiḍḍatu bi-l-fiḍḍati tibruhā waʕaynuhā wal-burru bi-l-burri mudyun bimudyin waš-šaʕīru bi-š-šaʕīri mudyun bimudyin wat-tamru bi-t-tamri mudyun bimudyin wal-milḥu bi-l-milḥi mudyun bimudyin

     Gold is to be weighed for in gold, raw and coined, silver in silver, raw and coined, wheat in wheat in equal measure, barley in barley in equal measure, dates in dates in equal measure, salt in salt in equal measure.

• → Middle Armenian: թիպր (tʻipr)
• → Ottoman Turkish: تبر (tibr)
  • Turkish: tibr

تَبَّرَ • (tabbara) II (non-past يُتَبِّرُ (yutabbiru), verbal noun تَتْبِير (tatbīr))

1. to destroy; to annihilate
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:39:

     وَكُلًّا ضَرَبْنَا لَهُ ٱلْأَمْثَٰلَ وَكُلًّا تَبَّرْنَا تَتْبِيرًا

     wakullan ḍarabnā lahu l-ʔamṯāla wakullan tabbarnā tatbīran

     For each We set forth (various) lessons, and We ultimately destroyed each.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

تَبُرْ • (tabur) (form I) /ta.bur/

1. inflection of بَارَ (bāra):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive

• “tbr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[1] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →DOI, page 25
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “تبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 183
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 133

Borrowed from Persian تبر (tabar, “axe, hatchet”).

تبر • (teber)

1. axe, hatchet, a tool for felling trees or chopping wood

   Synonyms: بالطه (balta), فاس (fas), مكشاح (mikşah)

2. battle axe, an ancient military weapon in the form of an axe

   Synonyms: بالطه (balta), فاس (fas)

3. halberd, a weapon consisting of a long pole with an axe-like blade mounted on it
4. tuberose, any flowering plant in the genus Polianthes

• Turkish: teber

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “teber2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4660
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تبر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 340
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Securis”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[5], Vienna, column 1530
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تبر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[6], Vienna, column 1055
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “teber”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تبر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[7], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 486

Borrowed from Arabic تِبْر (tibr, “unalloyed ore of gold or silver”).

تبر • (tibr)

1. pure, unalloyed ore or nuggets of gold or silver

• Turkish: tibr

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “tibr”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4821
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تبر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[8] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 340
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تبر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[9], Vienna, column 1055
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تبر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[10], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 486

• تور (tavar) (dialectal)

Compare Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian տապար (tapar), Proto-Slavic *toporъ.

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

تبر • (tabar)

1. hatchet, axe, mattock
   • c. 1180, Anwarī, “Qaṣīda 72”, in دیوان انوری [Dīvān of Anvarī]‎^[11]:

     درخت اگر متحرک شدی ز جای به جای
     نه جور اره کشیدی و نه جفای تبر

     diraxt agar mutaharrik šudē zi jāy ba jāy
     na jawr-i arra kašīdē u na jafā-yi tabar

     If trees could move about from place to place,
     They would suffer neither the oppression of the saw nor the torment of the axe.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

• → Georgian: ტაბარი (ṭabari), ⇒ ტაბარძენი (ṭabarʒeni)
• → Gujarati: તબર (tabar)
• → Khalaj: tavarçuq
• → Ottoman Turkish: تبر (teber)
  • Turkish: teber

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تبر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul