تمرد

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
م ر د (m r d)
6 terms

From Proto-Semitic *marad- (to fortify, to set up resistance; to escape, to find a means to get away; to leave one's people, to branch off or split from a group). Cognate with Hebrew מרדנות (mardanút), Aramaic מִרְדָּא (mirdā), Classical Syriac ܡܪܕܐ (merdā), Classical Mandaic ࡌࡉࡓࡃࡀ (MYRDʾ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.mar.ra.da/

Verb

تَمَرَّدَ • (tamarrada) V (non-past يَتَمَرَّدُ (yatamarradu), verbal noun تَمَرُّد (tamarrud))

  1. to rebel, to revolt [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘against someone/something’]
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi
      إِذَا أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ الْكَرِيمَ مَلَكْتَهُ / وَإِنْ أَنْتَ أَكْرَمْتَ اللَّئِيمَ تَمَرَّدَا
      ʔiḏā ʔanta ʔakramta l-karīma malaktahu / waʔin ʔanta ʔakramta l-laʔīma tamarradā
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:
      إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.
      ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.
      For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.
  2. to be arrogant, to be insolent
  3. to be uncooperative, to be disobedient
Conjugation
Conjugation of تَمَرَّدَ (V, sound, impersonal passive, verbal noun تَمَرُّد)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
تَمَرُّد
tamarrud
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
مُتَمَرِّد
mutamarrid
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مُتَمَرَّد
mutamarrad
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m تَمَرَّدْتُ
tamarradtu
تَمَرَّدْتَ
tamarradta
تَمَرَّدَ
tamarrada
تَمَرَّدْتُمَا
tamarradtumā
تَمَرَّدَا
tamarradā
تَمَرَّدْنَا
tamarradnā
تَمَرَّدْتُمْ
tamarradtum
تَمَرَّدُوا
tamarradū
f تَمَرَّدْتِ
tamarradti
تَمَرَّدَتْ
tamarradat
تَمَرَّدَتَا
tamarradatā
تَمَرَّدْتُنَّ
tamarradtunna
تَمَرَّدْنَ
tamarradna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَتَمَرَّدُ
ʔatamarradu
تَتَمَرَّدُ
tatamarradu
يَتَمَرَّدُ
yatamarradu
تَتَمَرَّدَانِ
tatamarradāni
يَتَمَرَّدَانِ
yatamarradāni
نَتَمَرَّدُ
natamarradu
تَتَمَرَّدُونَ
tatamarradūna
يَتَمَرَّدُونَ
yatamarradūna
f تَتَمَرَّدِينَ
tatamarradīna
تَتَمَرَّدُ
tatamarradu
تَتَمَرَّدَانِ
tatamarradāni
تَتَمَرَّدْنَ
tatamarradna
يَتَمَرَّدْنَ
yatamarradna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَتَمَرَّدَ
ʔatamarrada
تَتَمَرَّدَ
tatamarrada
يَتَمَرَّدَ
yatamarrada
تَتَمَرَّدَا
tatamarradā
يَتَمَرَّدَا
yatamarradā
نَتَمَرَّدَ
natamarrada
تَتَمَرَّدُوا
tatamarradū
يَتَمَرَّدُوا
yatamarradū
f تَتَمَرَّدِي
tatamarradī
تَتَمَرَّدَ
tatamarrada
تَتَمَرَّدَا
tatamarradā
تَتَمَرَّدْنَ
tatamarradna
يَتَمَرَّدْنَ
yatamarradna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَتَمَرَّدْ
ʔatamarrad
تَتَمَرَّدْ
tatamarrad
يَتَمَرَّدْ
yatamarrad
تَتَمَرَّدَا
tatamarradā
يَتَمَرَّدَا
yatamarradā
نَتَمَرَّدْ
natamarrad
تَتَمَرَّدُوا
tatamarradū
يَتَمَرَّدُوا
yatamarradū
f تَتَمَرَّدِي
tatamarradī
تَتَمَرَّدْ
tatamarrad
تَتَمَرَّدَا
tatamarradā
تَتَمَرَّدْنَ
tatamarradna
يَتَمَرَّدْنَ
yatamarradna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m تَمَرَّدْ
tamarrad
تَمَرَّدَا
tamarradā
تَمَرَّدُوا
tamarradū
f تَمَرَّدِي
tamarradī
تَمَرَّدْنَ
tamarradna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m تُمُرِّدَ
tumurrida
f
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m يُتَمَرَّدُ
yutamarradu
f
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m يُتَمَرَّدَ
yutamarrada
f
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m يُتَمَرَّدْ
yutamarrad
f

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.mar.rud/

Noun

تَمَرُّد • (tamarrudm

  1. verbal noun of تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada) (form V)
Declension
Declension of noun تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal تَمَرُّد
tamarrud
التَّمَرُّد
at-tamarrud
تَمَرُّد
tamarrud
nominative تَمَرُّدٌ
tamarrudun
التَّمَرُّدُ
at-tamarrudu
تَمَرُّدُ
tamarrudu
accusative تَمَرُّدًا
tamarrudan
التَّمَرُّدَ
at-tamarruda
تَمَرُّدَ
tamarruda
genitive تَمَرُّدٍ
tamarrudin
التَّمَرُّدِ
at-tamarrudi
تَمَرُّدِ
tamarrudi

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَمَرُّد (tamarrud)

Noun

تمرد • (temerrüt)

  1. hardheadedness, stubbornness, obstinacy
    Synonyms: اصرار (ısrar), عناد (inat)

Descendants

  • Turkish: temerrüt
  • Bulgarian: темеру́т (temerút)
  • Macedonian: темерут (temerut)
  • Serbo-Croatian: темѐрут / temèrut, темѐрутин / temèrutin

References

  • Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “تمرد”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 309a

South Levantine Arabic

Root
م ر د
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic تَمَرَّدَ (tamarrada).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tmar.rad/, [ɪtˈmar.rad]
  • Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

Verb

تمرّد • (tmarrad) V (present بتمرّد (bitmarrad))

  1. to rebel, to revolt
Conjugation
Conjugation of تمرد
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m تمرّدت (tmarradt) تمرّدت (tmarradt) تمرّد (tmarrad) تمرّدنا (tmarradna) تمرّدتو (tmarradtu) تمرّدو (tmarradu)
f تمرّدتي (tmarradti) تمرّدت (tmarradat)
present m بتمرّد (batmarrad) بتتمرّد (btitmarrad) بتمرّد (bitmarrad) منتمرّد (mnitmarrad) بتتمرّدو (btitmarradu) بتمرّدو (bitmarradu)
f بتتمرّدي (btitmarradi) بتتمرّد (btitmarrad)
subjunctive m اتمرّد (atmarrad) تتمرّد (titmarrad) يتمرّد (yitmarrad) نتمرّد (nitmarrad) تتمرّدو (titmarradu) يتمرّدو (yitmarradu)
f تتمرّدي (titmarradi) تتمرّد (titmarrad)
imperative m تمرّد (tmarrad) تمرّدو (tmarradu)
f تمرّدي (tmarradi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic تمرد.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ta.mar.rod/

Noun

تمرد • (tamarrodm

  1. insurgency