حامض
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح م ض (ḥ m ḍ) |
| 6 terms |
Etymology
From Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-. Cognate with Biblical Hebrew חֹמֶץ (ḥómɛṣ, “vinegar”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حَامِضَة (ḥāmiḍa), masculine plural حَامِضُونَ (ḥāmiḍūna), feminine plural حَامِضَات (ḥāmiḍāt) or حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَامِض ḥāmiḍ |
الْحَامِض al-ḥāmiḍ |
حَامِضَة ḥāmiḍa |
الْحَامِضَة al-ḥāmiḍa |
| nominative | حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun |
الْحَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍu |
حَامِضَةٌ ḥāmiḍatun |
الْحَامِضَةُ al-ḥāmiḍatu |
| accusative | حَامِضًا ḥāmiḍan |
الْحَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍa |
حَامِضَةً ḥāmiḍatan |
الْحَامِضَةَ al-ḥāmiḍata |
| genitive | حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin |
الْحَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍi |
حَامِضَةٍ ḥāmiḍatin |
الْحَامِضَةِ al-ḥāmiḍati |
| dual | masculine | feminine | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَامِضَيْن ḥāmiḍayn |
الْحَامِضَيْن al-ḥāmiḍayn |
حَامِضَتَيْن ḥāmiḍatayn |
الْحَامِضَتَيْن al-ḥāmiḍatayn |
| nominative | حَامِضَانِ ḥāmiḍāni |
الْحَامِضَانِ al-ḥāmiḍāni |
حَامِضَتَانِ ḥāmiḍatāni |
الْحَامِضَتَانِ al-ḥāmiḍatāni |
| accusative | حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni |
الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni |
حَامِضَتَيْنِ ḥāmiḍatayni |
الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍatayni |
| genitive | حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni |
الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni |
حَامِضَتَيْنِ ḥāmiḍatayni |
الْحَامِضَتَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍatayni |
| plural | masculine | feminine | ||
| sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural; basic broken plural diptote | |||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| informal | حَامِضِين ḥāmiḍīn |
الْحَامِضِين al-ḥāmiḍīn |
حَامِضَات; حَوَامِض ḥāmiḍāt; ḥawāmiḍ |
الْحَامِضَات; الْحَوَامِض al-ḥāmiḍāt; al-ḥawāmiḍ |
| nominative | حَامِضُونَ ḥāmiḍūna |
الْحَامِضُونَ al-ḥāmiḍūna |
حَامِضَاتٌ; حَوَامِضُ ḥāmiḍātun; ḥawāmiḍu |
الْحَامِضَاتُ; الْحَوَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍātu; al-ḥawāmiḍu |
| accusative | حَامِضِينَ ḥāmiḍīna |
الْحَامِضِينَ al-ḥāmiḍīna |
حَامِضَاتٍ; حَوَامِضَ ḥāmiḍātin; ḥawāmiḍa |
الْحَامِضَاتِ; الْحَوَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍāti; al-ḥawāmiḍa |
| genitive | حَامِضِينَ ḥāmiḍīna |
الْحَامِضِينَ al-ḥāmiḍīna |
حَامِضَاتٍ; حَوَامِضَ ḥāmiḍātin; ḥawāmiḍa |
الْحَامِضَاتِ; الْحَوَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍāti; al-ḥawāmiḍi |
Noun
حَامِض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (plural حَوَامِض (ḥawāmiḍ))
- (chemistry) acid
- (now nonstandard) lemons or lemon juice
- 1226, محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن الكريم الكاتب البغدادي [Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad bin al-Karīm al-Baḡdādīy], “الذَّيْل [aḏ-ḏayl]”, in كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, Hindawi Foundation, published 2018, →ISBN, page 97:
- مُتَبَّل
يُشْوَى ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانُ وَيُقَشَّرُ وَيُدَقُّ، ثُمَّ يُصَفُّ ٱلْجَوْزُ بَعْدَ غَسْلِهِ وَيُوضَعُ فَوْقَ ٱلْبَاذِنْجَانِ مَعَ ٱلطَّحِينَةِ وَٱلْحَامِضِ وَٱلْمِلْحِ وَٱلثُّومِ.- mutabbal
yušwā l-bāḏinjānu wayuqaššaru wayudaqqu, ṯumma yuṣaffu l-jawzu baʕda ḡaslihi wayūḍaʕu fawqa l-bāḏinjāni maʕa ṭ-ṭaḥīnati wal-ḥāmiḍi wal-milḥi waṯ-ṯūmi. - Mutabbal
Eggplants are fried, julienned, pounded, then walnut rowed after washing and placed over the eggplants with ṭahīne and lemon and salt and garlic.
- mutabbal
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | حَامِض ḥāmiḍ |
الْحَامِض al-ḥāmiḍ |
حَامِض ḥāmiḍ |
| nominative | حَامِضٌ ḥāmiḍun |
الْحَامِضُ al-ḥāmiḍu |
حَامِضُ ḥāmiḍu |
| accusative | حَامِضًا ḥāmiḍan |
الْحَامِضَ al-ḥāmiḍa |
حَامِضَ ḥāmiḍa |
| genitive | حَامِضٍ ḥāmiḍin |
الْحَامِضِ al-ḥāmiḍi |
حَامِضِ ḥāmiḍi |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | حَامِضَيْن ḥāmiḍayn |
الْحَامِضَيْن al-ḥāmiḍayn |
حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay |
| nominative | حَامِضَانِ ḥāmiḍāni |
الْحَامِضَانِ al-ḥāmiḍāni |
حَامِضَا ḥāmiḍā |
| accusative | حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni |
الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni |
حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay |
| genitive | حَامِضَيْنِ ḥāmiḍayni |
الْحَامِضَيْنِ al-ḥāmiḍayni |
حَامِضَيْ ḥāmiḍay |
| plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | حَوَامِض ḥawāmiḍ |
الْحَوَامِض al-ḥawāmiḍ |
حَوَامِض ḥawāmiḍ |
| nominative | حَوَامِضُ ḥawāmiḍu |
الْحَوَامِضُ al-ḥawāmiḍu |
حَوَامِضُ ḥawāmiḍu |
| accusative | حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa |
الْحَوَامِضَ al-ḥawāmiḍa |
حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa |
| genitive | حَوَامِضَ ḥawāmiḍa |
الْحَوَامِضِ al-ḥawāmiḍi |
حَوَامِضِ ḥawāmiḍi |
See also
| Basic tastes in Arabic · طُعُوم (ṭuʕūm) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| حُلْو (ḥulw) | حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ) | مَالِح (māliḥ) | مُرّ (murr) | حَارّ (ḥārr) | لَاذِع (lāḏiʕ) |
Moroccan Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح م ض |
| 1 term |
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħaː.midˤ/
Noun
حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) m (collective, singulative حامضة f (ḥāmḍa), plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt))
Adjective
حامض • (ḥāmiḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), masculine plural حامضين (ḥāmḍīn), feminine plural حامضات (ḥāmḍāt), elative أحمض (ʔaḥmaḍ) or حمض (ḥmaḍ))
- sour
- unfunny
- هاد النكتة حامضة بحال ديما. ― hād en-nukta ḥāmḍa bḥāl dīma ― This joke is unfunny as always.
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic حَامِض (ḥāmiḍ, “sour, acidic; acid”), from Proto-Semitic *ḥāmiṣ́-.
Adjective
حامض • (hamız)
Noun
حامض • (hamız) (definite accusative حامضی (hamızı), plural حامضات (hamızat))
- (chemistry) acid, any compound capable of either donating a proton, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair
- Synonym: اكشی (ekşi)
Derived terms
- حامض بروم (hamız-ı brom, “bromic acid”)
- حامض جبن (hamız-ı cübn, “caseic acid”)
- حامض سواد (hamız-ı sevâd, “melanic acid”)
- حامض قهوه (hamız-ı kahve, “caffeic acid”)
- حامض كبریت (hamız-ı kibrit, “sulfuric acid”)
- حامض لیمون (hamız-ı limon, “citric acid”)
- حامضلاتمق (hamızlatmak, “to acidulate”)
- حامضلاشمق (hamızlaşmak, “to let be acidulated”)
- حامضلانمق (hamızlanmak, “to become acid”)
- حامضی (hamizî, “acid”)
Descendants
- Turkish: hamız
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hamız”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1858
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “hâmız”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 383
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حامض”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 494
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Acer”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 13
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “حامض”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 1715
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حامض”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 757
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ح م ض |
| 1 term |
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adjective
حامض • (ḥāmeḍ, ḥāmoḍ) (feminine حامضة (ḥāmḍa), elative أحمض (ʾaḥmaḍ))
See also
| Basic tastes in South Levantine Arabic · طعم (ṭaʕm), ذوق (zōʕ) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| حلو (ḥilu) | حامض (ḥāmeḍ) | مالح (māleḥ) | مرّ (murr) | حارّ (ḥārr) | - |
Noun
حامض • (ḥāmeḍ) m (plural حوامض (ḥawāmeḍ))
Noun
حامض • (ḥāmeḍ, ḥāmoḍ) m