رف

See also: رق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Disputed etymology:

  • Natively from the root ر ف ف (r f f) in the sense of an outstretched wing being symbolic of protection, a coverlet; hence originally an awning or covering; semantically becoming a story or tier of a building as each window would feature such a cloth shelf above it. Parallel semantic conception found with Hebrew רפפות (window shutters; a collection of layered thin strips) and Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, level, story; room, chamber).
  • Natively from the root ر ف ف (r f f) in the sense of stretching elbows out on a pillow or cushion, stemming from an outstretched wing; hence a place to place things, a place to spread things out on.
  • From Aramaic found in its descendant Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, level, story; room, chamber) of uncertain etymology, but considered likely foreign or possibly even borrowed from Arabic; as for a foreign source possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /raff/

Noun

رَفّ • (raffm (plural رُفُوف (rufūf) or أَرْفُف (ʔarfuf) or رِفَاف (rifāf))

  1. sill; shelf; whatnot
    • p. 2000, كَرِيم مَعْتُوق (karīm maʕtūq)[1]:
      مَا مَرَّ شَذَاهَا بِخُطُوطِ الْوَرَقِ الْمُلْقَى عَلَى الْأَرْفُفِ
      mā marra šaḏāhā biḵuṭūṭi l-waraqi l-mulqā ʕalā l-ʔarfufi
      Her scent has not yet passed from the lines of the papers deposed on the shelves.
Declension
Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal رَفّ
raff
الرَّفّ
ar-raff
رَفّ
raff
nominative رَفٌّ
raffun
الرَّفُّ
ar-raffu
رَفُّ
raffu
accusative رَفًّا
raffan
الرَّفَّ
ar-raffa
رَفَّ
raffa
genitive رَفٍّ
raffin
الرَّفِّ
ar-raffi
رَفِّ
raffi
dual indefinite definite construct
informal رَفَّيْن
raffayn
الرَّفَّيْن
ar-raffayn
رَفَّيْ
raffay
nominative رَفَّانِ
raffāni
الرَّفَّانِ
ar-raffāni
رَفَّا
raffā
accusative رَفَّيْنِ
raffayni
الرَّفَّيْنِ
ar-raffayni
رَفَّيْ
raffay
genitive رَفَّيْنِ
raffayni
الرَّفَّيْنِ
ar-raffayni
رَفَّيْ
raffay
plural basic broken plural triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal رُفُوف‎; أَرْفُف‎; رِفَاف
rufūf‎; ʔarfuf‎; rifāf
الرُّفُوف‎; الْأَرْفُف‎; الرِّفَاف
ar-rufūf‎; al-ʔarfuf‎; ar-rifāf
رُفُوف‎; أَرْفُف‎; رِفَاف
rufūf‎; ʔarfuf‎; rifāf
nominative رُفُوفٌ‎; أَرْفُفٌ‎; رِفَافٌ
rufūfun‎; ʔarfufun‎; rifāfun
الرُّفُوفُ‎; الْأَرْفُفُ‎; الرِّفَافُ
ar-rufūfu‎; al-ʔarfufu‎; ar-rifāfu
رُفُوفُ‎; أَرْفُفُ‎; رِفَافُ
rufūfu‎; ʔarfufu‎; rifāfu
accusative رُفُوفًا‎; أَرْفُفًا‎; رِفَافًا
rufūfan‎; ʔarfufan‎; rifāfan
الرُّفُوفَ‎; الْأَرْفُفَ‎; الرِّفَافَ
ar-rufūfa‎; al-ʔarfufa‎; ar-rifāfa
رُفُوفَ‎; أَرْفُفَ‎; رِفَافَ
rufūfa‎; ʔarfufa‎; rifāfa
genitive رُفُوفٍ‎; أَرْفُفٍ‎; رِفَافٍ
rufūfin‎; ʔarfufin‎; rifāfin
الرُّفُوفِ‎; الْأَرْفُفِ‎; الرِّفَافِ
ar-rufūfi‎; al-ʔarfufi‎; ar-rifāfi
رُفُوفِ‎; أَرْفُفِ‎; رِفَافِ
rufūfi‎; ʔarfufi‎; rifāfi
Descendants
  • Azerbaijani: rəf
  • Catalan: ràfec (eaves)
  • Persian: رف (raf)
  • Ottoman Turkish: راف (raf)
    • Turkish: raf
    • Albanian: raft
    • Armenian: ըռաֆ (əṙaf), ռաֆ (ṙaf)
    • Bulgarian: рафт (raft)
    • Greek: ράφι (ráfi)
    • Romanian: raft
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ра̏ф
      Latin script: rȁf
  • Swahili: rafu

Etymology 2

Root
ر ف ف (r f f)
1 term

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رَفّ (raff) or رَفِيف (rafīf))

  1. to gleam
Conjugation
Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns رَفّ, رَفِيف)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
رَفّ, رَفِيف
raff, rafīf
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
رَافّ
rāff
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَرْفُوف
marfūf
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رَفَفْتُ
rafaftu
رَفَفْتَ
rafafta
رَفَّ
raffa
رَفَفْتُمَا
rafaftumā
رَفَّا
raffā
رَفَفْنَا
rafafnā
رَفَفْتُمْ
rafaftum
رَفُّوا
raffū
f رَفَفْتِ
rafafti
رَفَّتْ
raffat
رَفَّتَا
raffatā
رَفَفْتُنَّ
rafaftunna
رَفَفْنَ
rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَرِفُّ
ʔariffu
تَرِفُّ
tariffu
يَرِفُّ
yariffu
تَرِفَّانِ
tariffāni
يَرِفَّانِ
yariffāni
نَرِفُّ
nariffu
تَرِفُّونَ
tariffūna
يَرِفُّونَ
yariffūna
f تَرِفِّينَ
tariffīna
تَرِفُّ
tariffu
تَرِفَّانِ
tariffāni
تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfifna
يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfifna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَرِفَّ
ʔariffa
تَرِفَّ
tariffa
يَرِفَّ
yariffa
تَرِفَّا
tariffā
يَرِفَّا
yariffā
نَرِفَّ
nariffa
تَرِفُّوا
tariffū
يَرِفُّوا
yariffū
f تَرِفِّي
tariffī
تَرِفَّ
tariffa
تَرِفَّا
tariffā
تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfifna
يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfifna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ
ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif
تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ
yariffa, yariffi, yarfif
تَرِفَّا
tariffā
يَرِفَّا
yariffā
نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ
nariffa, nariffi, narfif
تَرِفُّوا
tariffū
يَرِفُّوا
yariffū
f تَرِفِّي
tariffī
تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
تَرِفَّا
tariffā
تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfifna
يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfifna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ
riffa, riffi, irfif
رِفَّا
riffā
رِفُّوا
riffū
f رِفِّي
riffī
اِرْفِفْنَ
irfifna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رُفَّ
ruffa
f
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m يُرَفُّ
yuraffu
f
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m يُرَفَّ
yuraffa
f
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ
yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf
f

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرُفُّ (yaruffu) or يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رَفّ (raff))

  1. to tremble, to flutter, to twitch
  2. to flicker, to glint
Conjugation
Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun رَفّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
رَفّ
raff
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
رَافّ
rāff
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَرْفُوف
marfūf
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رَفَفْتُ
rafaftu
رَفَفْتَ
rafafta
رَفَّ
raffa
رَفَفْتُمَا
rafaftumā
رَفَّا
raffā
رَفَفْنَا
rafafnā
رَفَفْتُمْ
rafaftum
رَفُّوا
raffū
f رَفَفْتِ
rafafti
رَفَّتْ
raffat
رَفَّتَا
raffatā
رَفَفْتُنَّ
rafaftunna
رَفَفْنَ
rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَرُفُّ, أَرِفُّ
ʔaruffu, ʔariffu
تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ
taruffu, tariffu
يَرُفُّ, يَرِفُّ
yaruffu, yariffu
تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ
taruffāni, tariffāni
يَرُفَّانِ, يَرِفَّانِ
yaruffāni, yariffāni
نَرُفُّ, نَرِفُّ
naruffu, nariffu
تَرُفُّونَ, تَرِفُّونَ
taruffūna, tariffūna
يَرُفُّونَ, يَرِفُّونَ
yaruffūna, yariffūna
f تَرُفِّينَ, تَرِفِّينَ
taruffīna, tariffīna
تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ
taruffu, tariffu
تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ
taruffāni, tariffāni
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَرُفَّ, أَرِفَّ
ʔaruffa, ʔariffa
تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ
taruffa, tariffa
يَرُفَّ, يَرِفَّ
yaruffa, yariffa
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا
yaruffā, yariffā
نَرُفَّ, نَرِفَّ
naruffa, nariffa
تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا
taruffū, tariffū
يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا
yaruffū, yariffū
f تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي
taruffī, tariffī
تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ
taruffa, tariffa
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَرُفَّ, أَرُفِّ, أَرْفُفْ, أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ
ʔaruffa, ʔaruffi, ʔarfuf, ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif
تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
يَرُفَّ, يَرُفِّ, يَرْفُفْ, يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ
yaruffa, yaruffi, yarfuf, yariffa, yariffi, yarfif
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا
yaruffā, yariffā
نَرُفَّ, نَرُفِّ, نَرْفُفْ, نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ
naruffa, naruffi, narfuf, nariffa, nariffi, narfif
تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا
taruffū, tariffū
يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا
yaruffū, yariffū
f تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي
taruffī, tariffī
تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m رُفَّ, رُفِّ, اُرْفُفْ, رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ
ruffa, ruffi, urfuf, riffa, riffi, irfif
رُفَّا, رِفَّا
ruffā, riffā
رُفُّوا, رِفُّوا
ruffū, riffū
f رُفِّي, رِفِّي
ruffī, riffī
اُرْفُفْنَ, اِرْفِفْنَ
urfufna, irfifna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رُفَّ
ruffa
f
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m يُرَفُّ
yuraffu
f
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m يُرَفَّ
yuraffa
f
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ
yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf
f

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرُفُّ (yaruffu) or يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رُفُوف (rufūf) or رَفِيف (rafīf))

  1. to serve diligently (لِ (li) someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns رُفُوف, رَفِيف)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
رُفُوف, رَفِيف
rufūf, rafīf
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
رَافّ
rāff
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مَرْفُوف
marfūf
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رَفَفْتُ
rafaftu
رَفَفْتَ
rafafta
رَفَّ
raffa
رَفَفْتُمَا
rafaftumā
رَفَّا
raffā
رَفَفْنَا
rafafnā
رَفَفْتُمْ
rafaftum
رَفُّوا
raffū
f رَفَفْتِ
rafafti
رَفَّتْ
raffat
رَفَّتَا
raffatā
رَفَفْتُنَّ
rafaftunna
رَفَفْنَ
rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أَرُفُّ, أَرِفُّ
ʔaruffu, ʔariffu
تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ
taruffu, tariffu
يَرُفُّ, يَرِفُّ
yaruffu, yariffu
تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ
taruffāni, tariffāni
يَرُفَّانِ, يَرِفَّانِ
yaruffāni, yariffāni
نَرُفُّ, نَرِفُّ
naruffu, nariffu
تَرُفُّونَ, تَرِفُّونَ
taruffūna, tariffūna
يَرُفُّونَ, يَرِفُّونَ
yaruffūna, yariffūna
f تَرُفِّينَ, تَرِفِّينَ
taruffīna, tariffīna
تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ
taruffu, tariffu
تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ
taruffāni, tariffāni
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أَرُفَّ, أَرِفَّ
ʔaruffa, ʔariffa
تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ
taruffa, tariffa
يَرُفَّ, يَرِفَّ
yaruffa, yariffa
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا
yaruffā, yariffā
نَرُفَّ, نَرِفَّ
naruffa, nariffa
تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا
taruffū, tariffū
يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا
yaruffū, yariffū
f تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي
taruffī, tariffī
تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ
taruffa, tariffa
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أَرُفَّ, أَرُفِّ, أَرْفُفْ, أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ
ʔaruffa, ʔaruffi, ʔarfuf, ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif
تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
يَرُفَّ, يَرُفِّ, يَرْفُفْ, يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ
yaruffa, yaruffi, yarfuf, yariffa, yariffi, yarfif
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا
yaruffā, yariffā
نَرُفَّ, نَرُفِّ, نَرْفُفْ, نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ
naruffa, naruffi, narfuf, nariffa, nariffi, narfif
تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا
taruffū, tariffū
يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا
yaruffū, yariffū
f تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي
taruffī, tariffī
تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ
taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif
تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا
taruffā, tariffā
تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ
tarfufna, tarfifna
يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ
yarfufna, yarfifna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m رُفَّ, رُفِّ, اُرْفُفْ, رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ
ruffa, ruffi, urfuf, riffa, riffi, irfif
رُفَّا, رِفَّا
ruffā, riffā
رُفُّوا, رِفُّوا
ruffū, riffū
f رُفِّي, رِفِّي
ruffī, riffī
اُرْفُفْنَ, اِرْفِفْنَ
urfufna, irfifna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m رُفَّ
ruffa
f
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m يُرَفُّ
yuraffu
f
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m يُرَفَّ
yuraffa
f
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ
yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf
f

Noun

رَفّ • (raffm

  1. verbal noun of رَفَّ (raffa) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal رَفّ
raff
الرَّفّ
ar-raff
رَفّ
raff
nominative رَفٌّ
raffun
الرَّفُّ
ar-raffu
رَفُّ
raffu
accusative رَفًّا
raffan
الرَّفَّ
ar-raffa
رَفَّ
raffa
genitive رَفٍّ
raffin
الرَّفِّ
ar-raffi
رَفِّ
raffi

References

  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 13
  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “رف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “رف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 892
  • Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “رف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1115–1116.
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “رف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 403
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “رف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 483

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَفّ (raff).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? raf
Dari reading? raf
Iranian reading? raf
Tajik reading? raf

Noun

رف • (raf)

  1. shelf, ledge, rack