رمان

See also: زمان

Arabic

Etymology

Uncertain direct and ultimate source, not Semitic. Compare Hebrew רימון / רִמּוֹן (rimmṓn), Punic *𐤓𐤌𐤍 (*rmn /⁠rimmūn⁠/) and Aramaic רִימֹּונָא / רִמֹּונָא (rimmōnā) / רוּמָּנָא / ܪܘܡܢܐ (rummānā), Ge'ez ሮማን (roman), Akkadian 𒄑𒈢𒆳𒊏 (/⁠armannu⁠/). Likely borrowed from Semitic is Egyptian

(jnhmn), which developed into Demotic hrnt, and from this ⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (erman, Bohairic), ⲗⲉϩⲙⲉⲛ (lehmen, Akhmimic), ϩⲉⲣⲙⲁⲛ (herman, Sahidic).

Further potential cognates

(With a different order of the consonants, compare also:)

Sumerian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR₂-MA /⁠nurma⁠/, “pomegranate”)
Akkadian 𒉡𒌫𒈠 (NU-UR₂-MA /⁠nurmû⁠/), Akkadian 𒇻𒆸𒌅 (/⁠lurmû, lurimtu, lurinnu⁠/, “pomegranate”), Akkadian 𒉡𒊑𒅎𒁺 (nu-ri-im-du /⁠nurimdu, nurimtu⁠/, “pomegranate”)
Hurrian 𒉡𒊏𒀭𒋾 (nu-ra-an-ti /⁠nuranti⁠/, “pomegranate”) (whence Old Armenian նուռն (nuṙn, “pomegranate”)), Ugaritic 𐎍𐎗𐎎𐎐 (lrmn, “pomegranate”)
Hittite 𒉡𒌫𒈬 (/⁠nurmû⁠/, “pomegranate”)
Persian (nâr), (anâr, “pomegranate”)
Chinese 榴 (OC *m·ru, “pomegranate”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rum.maːn/
- (Morocco) IPA^(key): /rum.maːn/

Noun

رُمَّان • (rummān) m (collective, singulative رُمَّانَة f (rummāna))

(uncountable) pomegranate
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 55:68:
  فِيهِمَا فَـاكِهَةٌ وَنَخْلٌ وَرُمَّانٌ
  fīhimā fākihatun wanaḵlun warummānun
  In both of them are fruit, and palm trees, and pomegranates.
- 2020 January 24, “شُبَّانٌ يُعِيدُونَ مِئَاتِ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ إِلَى قَرْيَةِ "أُمِّ ٱلْرُّمَّانِ" قُرْبَ تَازَارِينْ”, in Hespress‎^[1]:
  إِنَّ عَدَدَ أَشْجَارِ ٱلرُّمَّانِ ٱلْمُتَبَقِّيَّةِ لَا يَتَجَاوَزُ عَدَدَ أَصَابِعِ ٱلْيَدِ، بَعْدَمَا قَضَى ٱلْجَفَافُ عَلَى أَغْلَبِ ٱلْأَشْجَارِ ٱلْمُثْمِرَةِ، […]
  ʔinna ʕadada ʔašjāri r-rummāni l-mutabaqqiyyati lā yatajāwazu ʕadada ʔaṣābiʕi l-yadi, baʕdamā qaḍā l-jafāfu ʕalā ʔaḡlabi l-ʔašjāri l-muṯmirati, […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(poetic) breasts
(obsolete) sliding-weight of a steelyard [11^th–15^th century]
Hypernyms: بَيْضَة (bayḍa), سَقُوم (saqūm)

Holonyms: قَبَّان (qabbān), قَرَسْطُون (qarasṭūn)

Declension

Declension of noun **رُمَّان** (rummān)
collective	basic collective triptote
collective	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُمَّان rummān	الرُّمَّان ar-rummān	رُمَّان rummān
nominative	رُمَّانٌ rummānun	الرُّمَّانُ ar-rummānu	رُمَّانُ rummānu
accusative	رُمَّانًا rummānan	الرُّمَّانَ ar-rummāna	رُمَّانَ rummāna
genitive	رُمَّانٍ rummānin	الرُّمَّانِ ar-rummāni	رُمَّانِ rummāni
singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
singulative	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُمَّانَة rummāna	الرُّمَّانَة ar-rummāna	رُمَّانَة rummānat
nominative	رُمَّانَةٌ rummānatun	الرُّمَّانَةُ ar-rummānatu	رُمَّانَةُ rummānatu
accusative	رُمَّانَةً rummānatan	الرُّمَّانَةَ ar-rummānata	رُمَّانَةَ rummānata
genitive	رُمَّانَةٍ rummānatin	الرُّمَّانَةِ ar-rummānati	رُمَّانَةِ rummānati
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُمَّانَتَيْن rummānatayn	الرُّمَّانَتَيْن ar-rummānatayn	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
nominative	رُمَّانَتَانِ rummānatāni	الرُّمَّانَتَانِ ar-rummānatāni	رُمَّانَتَا rummānatā
accusative	رُمَّانَتَيْنِ rummānatayni	الرُّمَّانَتَيْنِ ar-rummānatayni	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
genitive	رُمَّانَتَيْنِ rummānatayni	الرُّمَّانَتَيْنِ ar-rummānatayni	رُمَّانَتَيْ rummānatay
paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
paucal (3-10)	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	رُمَّانَات rummānāt	الرُّمَّانَات ar-rummānāt	رُمَّانَات rummānāt
nominative	رُمَّانَاتٌ rummānātun	الرُّمَّانَاتُ ar-rummānātu	رُمَّانَاتُ rummānātu
accusative	رُمَّانَاتٍ rummānātin	الرُّمَّانَاتِ ar-rummānāti	رُمَّانَاتِ rummānāti
genitive	رُمَّانَاتٍ rummānātin	الرُّمَّانَاتِ ar-rummānāti	رُمَّانَاتِ rummānāti

Derived terms

رُمَّانِيَّة (rummāniyya, “medieval dish made with pomegranate”)

Descendants

Maltese: rummien
→ Gujarati: રુમ્માન (rummān)
→ Italian: romano
→ Ottoman Turkish: رمان (rüman)
→? Portuguese: romã
→ Tamil: ரும்மான் (rummāṉ)

References

“nurma”, in The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary‎^[2], University of Pennsylvania, 2006
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 142
Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 19
Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 24–25
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 144–145
Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 80–113
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎^[4] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 42
Steiger, Arnald, Walther von Wartburg (1960) “Balance romaine”, in Vox Romanica‎^[5] (in German), volume 19, pages 221–244
Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 54

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic رُمَّان (rummān).

Noun

رمان • (rüman)

Related terms

رمانه (rümane, “a single pomegranate”)

References

Redhouse, James W. (1890) “رمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 987

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from French roman.

Pronunciation

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun

رمان • (român)

novel