سجد

From Aramaic סְגִד (“to bow down in respect”), likely via or at least semantically influenced by Classical Syriac ܣܓܶܕ (sg̱ed), developing further in Arabic as the root س ج د (s j d). See the cognate Hebrew סגד (sagád).

سَجَدَ • (sajada) I (non-past يَسْجُدُ (yasjudu), verbal noun سُجُود (sujūd))

1. to prostrate oneself, to bow down [with لِ (li) ‘to’]
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 22:18:

     أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ

     ʔalam tara ʔanna l-laha yasjudu lahu man fī s-samāwāti waman fī l-ʔarḍi

     Do you not see [i.e., know] that to Allah prostrates whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth [...]?

2. to pay respect, to honor, to salute
3. to bend, to incline, to lower, especially a head
4. (dialect, Ṭayy’) to stand, to stand tall or erect; possibly an extended sense, to be still, to stand reverently, to stand before in homage

سُجَّد • (sujjad)

1. inflection of سَاجِد (sājid):
   1. masculine plural
   2. feminine plural

• Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 52, page 134