سرف

See also: شرق, شرف, سرق, and سرڤ

Arabic

Root
س ر ف (s r f)
4 terms

Noun

سَرَف • (saraf) m

dissipation, waste
exaggeration, immoderateness, intemperance
extravagance, prodigality
- a. 869, Al-Jāḥiẓ, “خطبة الكتاب”, in Muḥammad Fatḥī ʾAbū Bakr, editor, Al-Buḵalāʾ, 5th edition, Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House, published 2021, →ISBN, page 30:
  وَلِمَ جَعَلُوا الْجُودَ سَرَفًا وَٱلْأَثْرَةَ جَهْلًا
  walima jaʕalū l-jūda sarafan wal-ʔaṯrata jahlan
  Why do they portray benevolence as extravagance and depict unselfishness as folly?
  Translated by Jim Colville
- 11th century, Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Kulliyyāt:
  السرف: تجاوز الحد في كلِّ فعل يفعله الإنسان، وإن كان ذلك في الإنفاق أشهر
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun **سَرَف** (saraf)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَرَف saraf	السَّرَف as-saraf	سَرَف saraf
nominative	سَرَفٌ sarafun	السَّرَفُ as-sarafu	سَرَفُ sarafu
accusative	سَرَفًا sarafan	السَّرَفَ as-sarafa	سَرَفَ sarafa
genitive	سَرَفٍ sarafin	السَّرَفِ as-sarafi	سَرَفِ sarafi

Synonyms

إِسْرَاف (ʔisrāf)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈsuɾf/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sʊɾf]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sʊɾf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [suɾf]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [soɹf]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [suɾf]

Readings
Classical reading^?	surf
Dari reading^?	surf
Iranian reading^?	sorf
Tajik reading^?	surf

Verb

سرف • (sorf)

present stem form of (sorfidan)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَرَف (saraf).

Noun

سرف • (sarf) m (Hindi spelling सर्फ़)

extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu سرف (sarf).

Noun

سرف (sarf)

extravagance, excess, non-essential expenditure