سفارش
Gojri
Alternative forms
- سْپارَش (spāraś)
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).
Noun
سَفارَش (safāraś) f
Further reading
- Dr Rafique Anjum (2018) Concise Gojri-Kashmiri-English Dictionary, New Delhi: Adam Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, page 279.
- Javaid Rahi (2015) گوجری ڈکشنری [Gojri Dictionary] (in Gojri), page 593, column 2.
Persian
Alternative forms
- سپارش (sepâreš)
Etymology
From سپار (sepâr-, “to commit, entrust, deposit, order”) + ـش (-eš, “-ment, -tion”). Compare Pashto سپارښت (spārə́x̌t).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /si.faː.ˈɾiʃ/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪ́ʃ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [se.fɒː.ɹéʃ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [si.fɔ.ɾíʃ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | sifāriš |
| Dari reading? | sifāriš |
| Iranian reading? | sefâreš |
| Tajik reading? | siforiš |
Noun
سِفارِش • (sefâreš)
| Dari | سفارش |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сифориш |
- recommendation
- order (of a product or service)
- Synonym: ترتیب (tartib)
- 2021, “برای شغل گلفروشی باید چه مهارتهایی داشته باشید؟ [What skills do you need for a florist job?]”, in ilna.news[1]:
- پس از سفارش گل ، گل فروشی ها گل ها را با پیک یا وانت به مکان مورد نظر برد و به کسی که آنها را سفارش داده است تحویل می دهند.
- pas az sefâreš-e gol, gol-foruši-hâ gol-hâ-râ bâ peyk yâ vânet be makân-e mowred nazar bord va be kasi ke ânhâ-râ sefâreš dâde ast tahvil mi-dehand.
- After the flower order [has been made], the florists take the flowers to the destination by courier or van, and deliver them to the person who has ordered them.
Derived terms
- سفارش دادن (sefâreš dâdan, “to order, to request”)
- سفارش مجدد (sefâreš-e mojaddad, “reorder”)
- سفارش نامه (sefâreš nâme, “letter of recommendation”)
- سفارش کردن (sefâreš kardan, “to recommend, to suggest”)
- سفارشی (sefâreši, “ordered, registered”)
Descendants
- → Ahirani: सिपारस (sipāras)
- → Azerbaijani: sifariş
- → Middle Bengali: সুফারিশ (suphariś)
- Bengali: সুপারিশ (śupariś)
- → Bhojpuri: siphāris
- Devanagari script: सिफारिस
- Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂱𑂤𑂰𑂩𑂱𑂮
- → Chhattisgarhi: सिपारस (sipāras), सिपारिस (sipāris)
- → Dogri: saphāraś
- Devanagari script: सफारश
- Dogra script: 𑠩𑠟𑠬𑠤𑠧
- → Gojri: سَفارَش (safāraś), سْپارَش (spāraś)
- → Gujarati: શિફારસ (śiphāras), સિફારસ (siphāras)
- → Hindustani:
- → Nepali: सिफारिस (siphāris)
- → Kannada: ಶಿಫಾರಸು (śiphārasu)
- → Maithili: sipāris
- Devanagari script: सिपारिस
- Tirhuta script: 𑒮𑒱𑒣𑒰𑒩𑒱𑒮
- → Malayalam: ശുപാർശ (śupāṟśa)
- → Malvi: सिफारिस (siphāris)
- → Marathi:
- Devanagari script: शिफारस (śiphāras)
- Modi script: 𑘫𑘲𑘣𑘰𑘨𑘭 (śīphāras)
- → Marwari:
- Devanagari script: सिफारस (siphāras), सिफारिस (siphāris), सुपारस (supāras)
- Mahajani script: 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅰 (siphrs), 𑅰𑅑𑅩𑅭𑅑𑅰 (siphris), 𑅰𑅒𑅨𑅭𑅰 (suprs)
- → Odia: ସୁପାରିସ୍ (supāris)
- → Pashto: سپارش (sipārísh, supārísh)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ (sifāriś), ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (sifāraś), ਸਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼ (safāraś)
- Shahmukhi script: سِفارَش (sifāraś), سِپارَس (sipāras)
- → Sindhi: sifāriśa, supārasa
- Arabic script: سِفارِسَ, سُپارَسَ
- Devanagari script: सिफ़ारिश, सुपारस
- Khudabadi script: 𑋝𑋡𑋓𑋩𑋠𑋙𑋡𑋜, 𑋝𑋣𑋒𑋠𑋙𑋝
- → Tamil: சிபார்சு (cipārcu)
- → Telugu: సిపారసు (sipārasu)
- → Tulu: śiparāsŭ, śipārasŭ, siparāsŭ, sipārasŭ, sipārsi, sipārsŭ
- Kannada script: ಶಿಪರಾಸ್, ಶಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪರಾಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರಸ್, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸಿ, ಸಿಪಾರ್ಸ್
- Malayalam script: ശിപരാസ്, ശിപാരസ്, സിപരാസ്, സിപാരസ്, സിപാര്സി, സിപാര്സ്
- → Ottoman Turkish: سپارش (sipariş)
- Turkish: sipariş
Further reading
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سفارش”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سفارش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 684
Punjabi
Alternative forms
- سِپارَس (sipāras)
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).
Noun
سِفارَش • (sifāraś) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਫ਼ਾਰਸ਼)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | سِفارَش (sifāraś) | سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ) |
| oblique | سِفارَش (sifāraś) | سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ) |
| vocative | سِفارَشے (sifāraśe) | سِفارَشو (sifāraśo) |
| ablative | سِفارَشوں (sifāraśoṉ) | سِفارَشاں (sifāraśāṉ) |
| locative | سِفارَشی (sifāraśī) | سِفارَشِیں (sifāraśīṉ) |
| instrumental | سِفارَشِیں (sifāraśīṉ) | سِفارَشے (sifāraśe) |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “سِفارِش”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سِفارِش (sifāriš).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sɪ.fɑː.ɾɪʃ/
- Hyphenation: سِ‧فا‧رِش
- Rhymes: -ɪʃ
Noun
سِفارِش • (sifāriś) f (Hindi spelling सिफ़ारिश)
- recommendation, endorsement
- مَیں نے اَپنے دوسْت کِی سِفارِش پَر یہ کِتَاب پَڑِھی۔
- ma͠i ne apne dost kī sifāriś par ye kitāb paṛhī.
- I read this book upon my friend's recommendation.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشیں (sifāriśẽ) |
| oblique | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشوں (sifāriśõ) |
| vocative | سِفارِش (sifāriś) | سِفارِشو (sifāriśo) |
Derived terms
- سِفارِش نامَہ (sifāriś nāma)
- سِفارِش کَرْنَا (sifāriś karnā)
- سِفارِش گَر (sifāriś gar)
- سِفارِشی (sifāriśī)
Further reading
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “سفارش”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 768
- “سفارش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “سفارش”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 662
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سفارش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co., page 380
- “سفارش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- John Shakespear (1834) “سفارش”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC, page 1076