سلام
Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| س ل م (s l m) |
| 22 terms |
Etymology 1
Semantic loan from Aramaic שְׁלָמָא / ܫܠܵܡܵܐ (šəlāmā, “wholeness, welfare; peace”, used as a greeting). Cognate with Hebrew שלום (shalóm).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sa.laːm/
Audio: (file)
Noun
سَلَام • (salām) m
- verbal noun of سَلِمَ (salima) (form I), well-being
- peace
- greeting
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | سَلَام salām |
السَّلَام as-salām |
سَلَام salām |
| nominative | سَلَامٌ salāmun |
السَّلَامُ as-salāmu |
سَلَامُ salāmu |
| accusative | سَلَامًا salāman |
السَّلَامَ as-salāma |
سَلَامَ salāma |
| genitive | سَلَامٍ salāmin |
السَّلَامِ as-salāmi |
سَلَامِ salāmi |
Derived terms
- ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ (s-salāmu ʕalaykum)
- وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ (waʕalaykumu s-salāmu)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
- سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu)
Interjection
سَلَام • (salām)
Descendants
- Maltese: sliem
- Avar: салам (salam)
- → Azerbaijani: salam
- → Bashkir: сәләм (sələm)
- → Central Kurdish: سڵاو (siḷaw)
- → Chechen: салам (salam)
- → Chinese:
- → Chuvash: салам (salam)
- → Classical Persian: سلام (salām)
- → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
- → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Mauritian Creole: salam
- → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
- → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
- → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
- → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
- → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
- → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
- → Pashto: سلام (salām)
- → Sindhi: (salāmu)
- → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
- → Turkmen: salam, selam
- → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
- → Uzbek: salom
- → English: salaam
- → Finnish: salaam
- → French: salam
- → Georgian: სალამი (salami)
- → German: Salam
- → Greek: σαλάμ (salám)
- → Hebrew: סלאם (salam)
- → Hungarian: szálem
- → Japanese: サラーム (sarāmu)
- → Korean: 살람 (sallam)
- → Lak: салам (salam)
- → Lezgi: салам (salam)
- → Malagasy: salama
- → Malay: salam
- Indonesian: salam
- → Maranao: salam
- → Middle Armenian: սալամ (salam), սէլամ (sēlam)
- → Northern Kurdish: selam, silav
- → Ossetian: салам (salam)
- → Ottoman Turkish: سلام (selam), սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish
- → Polish: salam
- → Portuguese: salama
- → Russian: саля́м (saljám), селя́м (seljám), сала́м (salám), сало́м (salóm)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- → Swahili: salamu, salaam
- → Tatar: сәлам (sälam)
- → Vietnamese: xa-lam
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 175
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /si.laːm/
Noun
سِلَام • (silām) m
- verbal noun of سَالَمَ (sālama) (form III)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | سِلَام silām |
السِّلَام as-silām |
سِلَام silām |
| nominative | سِلَامٌ silāmun |
السِّلَامُ as-silāmu |
سِلَامُ silāmu |
| accusative | سِلَامًا silāman |
السِّلَامَ as-silāma |
سِلَامَ silāma |
| genitive | سِلَامٍ silāmin |
السِّلَامِ as-silāmi |
سِلَامِ silāmi |
Noun
سِلَام • (silām) m
- plural of variety of سَلِم (salim, “stones”), or alternative collective
- plural of variety of سَلَْم (salam, “Acacia ehrenbergiana”)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | سِلَام silām |
السِّلَام as-silām |
سِلَام silām |
| nominative | سِلَامٌ silāmun |
السِّلَامُ as-silāmu |
سِلَامُ silāmu |
| accusative | سِلَامًا silāman |
السِّلَامَ as-silāma |
سِلَامَ silāma |
| genitive | سِلَامٍ silāmin |
السِّلَامِ as-silāmi |
سِلَامِ silāmi |
References
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سلم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Central Kurdish
Alternative forms
- سڵاو (səɫaːw)
Etymology
From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sælaːm/
Noun
سلام (sælaːm)
Mazanderani
Interjection
سلام (selâm)
Ottoman Turkish
Alternative forms
- սէլամ (selam) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Noun
سلام • (selam)
Derived terms
- سلاملق (selamlık, “selamlik”)
Descendants
Pahari-Potwari
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Pronunciation
- (phr) IPA(key): /sə.läːmə/
Noun
سلام (slām)
- salutation
- greeting
- (literally) peace
Persian
| Dari | سلام |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | салом |
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /sa.ˈlaːm/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sä.lɑ́ːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sæ.lɒ́ːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sä.lɔ́m]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | salām |
| Dari reading? | salām |
| Iranian reading? | salâm |
| Tajik reading? | salom |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Interjection
سلام • (salâm)
Noun
سلام • (salâm)
- salutation; greeting
- Synonym: درود (dorud)
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 114”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ][1]:
- به بارگاه تو چون باد را نباشد بار
کی اتفاق مجال سلام ما افتد- ba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār
kay ittifāq-i majāl-i salām-i mā uftad - When even the wind has no right to pass through your reception room,
How should the opportunity for me to say hello ever come to pass?
- ba bārgāh-i tu čūn bād rā na-bāšad bār
- (military) salute
- (Islam) the salam uttered at the end of prayer
Related terms
- سلام دادن (salâm dâdan)
- سلام رساندن (salâm resândan)
- سلام علیکم (salâm aleykom)
- سلام کردن (salâm kardan)
Descendants
- → Bengali: সেলাম (śelam), সালাম (salam)
- → Gujarati: સલામ (salām)
- → Hindustani:
- → Mauritian Creole: salam
- → Kazakh: сәлем (sälem)
- → Kyrgyz: салам (salam)
- → Marathi: सलाम (salām)
- → Mazanderani: سلام (selâm)
- → Nepali: सलाम (salām)
- → Punjabi: ਸਲਾਮ (salām)
- → Pashto: سلام (salām)
- → Sindhi: (salāmu)
- → Telugu: సలాము (salāmu), సలాం (salāṁ)
- → Turkmen: salam, selam
- → Uyghur: سالام (salam)
- → Uzbek: salom
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سلام”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سلام”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic سَلَام (salām).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /sə.läːmə/
Noun
سلام • (salām) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਲਾਮ)
- salutation
- greeting
- (literally) peace
Sindhi
Etymology
Interjection
سَلامُ • (salāmu) (Devanagari सलामु)
Noun
سَلامُ • (salāmu) m (Devanagari सलामु)
South Levantine Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| س ل م |
| 8 terms |
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
سلام • (salām) m (plural سلامات (salāmāt))
Derived terms
- السلام عليكم (as-salāmu ʕalēkom, “peace be upon you”)
Southern Kurdish
Alternative forms
- سەڵام (sellam)
Etymology
From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Ilami) /sæɫaːm/
Noun
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سەلام (sælaːm)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سَلَام (salām), itself from Arabic سَلَام (salām). First attested in c. 1503 as Middle Hindi سلام (slam).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /sə.lɑːm/
- Rhymes: -ɑːm
- Hyphenation: سَ‧لام
Interjection
سَلام • (salām) (Hindi spelling सलाम)
- interjection used to greet or often fare adieu to someone.
Noun
سَلام • (salām) m (Hindi spelling सलाम)
- greeting, salutation
- a salute (chiefly military but not limited to).
- پاکِسْتان تُجھے سَلام ― pākistān tujhe salām ― Salute to you, O Pakistan
- farewell; adieu
- regards
- اَبُّو کو میرا سَلام دینا
- abbū ko merā salām denā
- Send my regards to your father.
- (religion, chiefly Islam) blessing – synonym of دُرُود (durūd)
- (Islam) the salam invoked in salah
- (Islam) one of the attributes of Allah
- (literally, rare) peace
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | سَلام (salām) | سَلام (salām) |
| oblique | سَلام (salām) | سَلاموں (salāmõ) |
| vocative | سَلام (salām) | سَلامو (salāmo) |
See also
References
Further reading
- “سلام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سلام”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “سلام”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- S. W. Fallon (1879) “سلام”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834) “سلام”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC