سلم

• IPA^(key): /silm/

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm) m or f

1. (uncountable) peace

   Antonym: حَرْب (ḥarb)

   إِنْ أَرَدْتَ السِّلْمَ فَتَأَهَّبْ لِلْحَرْبِ.

   ʔin ʔaradta as-silma fa-taʔahhab li-l-ḥarbi.

   If you want peace, then prepare for war.

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:61:

     وَإِن جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَٱجْنَحْ لَهَا

     wa-ʔin janaḥū li-s-salmi fa-jnaḥ lahā

     And if they incline to peace, incline to it too.

سِلْم or سَلْم • (silm or salm)

1. peaceful

   أَنَا سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَنِي.

   ʔana silmun liman sālama-nī.

   I am peaceful to him who keeps peace to me.

سَلَم • (salam) m

1. submission, surrender
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 16:87:

     وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَى ٱللَّٰهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ ٱلسَّلَمَ ۖ وَضَلَّ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ

     wa-ʔalqaw ʔilā llāhi yawmaʔiḏin s-salama, wa-ḍalla ʕanhum mā kānū yaftarūna

     And they proffer unto God on that day submission, and the idols they fell for failed them.

سَلَم • (salam)

1. in peace
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 39:29:

     ضَرَبَ ٱللّٰهُ مَثَلًا رَّجُلًا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِّرَجُلٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا ۚ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّٰهِ ۚ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

     ḍaraba llāhu maṯalan rajulan fīhi šurakāʔu mutašākisūna wa-rajulan salaman li-rajulin hal yastawiyāni maṯalan. al-ḥamdu li-llāhi. bal ʔakṯaruhum lā yaʕlamūna

     God coined a simile: A man with various partners disputing and a man in peace. Are the two equal in the simile? Praise be to God! But most of them know not.

From Aramaic סוּלַם (sulam), with influence from Hebrew סֻלָּם (sullām) – compare against Classical Syriac ܣܒܠܬܐ (sebbelṯā) and Classical Mandaic ࡎࡅࡌࡁࡉࡋࡕࡀ (sumbiltā) – from Akkadian 𒄑𒄿𒇻 (simmiltum, “stair; stairs; ladder”).

• IPA^(key): /sul.lam/

• Audio:

  (file)

سُلَّم • (sullam) f or m (plural سَلَالِم (salālim))

1. ladder, stairs
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:35:

     وَإِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيْكَ إِعْرَاضُهُمْ فَإِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتَ أَن تَبْتَغِيَ نَفَقًا فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ سُلَّمًا فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَتَأْتِيَهُم بِآيَةٍ

     waʔin kāna kabura ʕalayka ʔiʕrāḍuhum faʔini staṭaʕta ʔan tabtaḡiya nafaqan fī l-ʔarḍi ʔaw sullaman fī s-samāʔi fataʔtiyahum biʔāyatin

     And if their aversion is grievous unto thee, then, if thou canst, seek a way down into the earth or a ladder unto the sky that thou mayst bring unto them a portent (to convince them all)!

     Translates Pickthall

• سُلَّمَة (sullama, “stair, step”)

• “swlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 177
• Schwally, Friedrich (1899) “Lexikalische Studien. (Fortsetzung.)”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 53, page 197
• Soden, Wolfram von (1933) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 41, pages 230–231 / Nr. 50
  • Addendum: Landsberger, Benno (1934) “Lexikalisches Archiv”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete (in German), volume 42, page 166

سَلِمَ • (salima) I (non-past يَسْلَمُ (yaslamu), verbal noun سَلَامَة (salāma) or سَلَام (salām))

1. to be safe, to be well
2. to be free (from); to become free (from), to escape (from)
   • a. 965 C.E., Al-Mutanabbi

     لَا يَسْلَمُ الشَّرَفُ الرَّفِيعُ مِنَ الْأَذَى
     حَتَّى يُرَاقَ عَلَى جَوَانِبِهِ الدَّمُ

     lā yaslamu aš-šarafu r-rafīʕu mina l-ʔaḏā
     ḥattā yurāqa ʕalā jawānibihi d-damu

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

     High honor is not spared from harm until blood has been shed at its sides.

Cognates include Hebrew שלם and Aramaic שלם.

سَلَّمَ • (sallama) II (non-past يُسَلِّمُ (yusallimu), verbal noun تَسْلِيم (taslīm))

1. (transitive) to surrender
2. to submit to, to be submissive to; to succumb, to yield or to surrender to
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:65:

     فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا

     fa-lā wa-rabbika lā yuʔminūna ḥattā yuḥakkimūka fīmā šajara baynahum ṯumma lā yajidū fī ʔanfusihim ḥarajan mimmā qaḍayta wa-yusallimū taslīman

     But nay, by thy Lord, they will not believe until they make thee judge about the dispute arising between them and find between themselves no trammel from what thou rulest and submit with whole submission.

3. to greet (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
4. to make safe, to keep safe, to protect

   اللّٰهُ يُسَلِّمُكَ

   allāhu yusallimuka

   you're welcome; may God protect you; get well soon; goodbye (as an answer)

   (literally, “may God protect you”)

   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:43:

     إِذْ يُرِيكَهُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ فِي مَنَامِكَ قَلِيلًا ۖ وَلَوْ أَرَاكَهُمْ كَثِيرًا لَّفَشِلْتُمْ وَلَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي ٱلْأَمْرِ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱللَّٰهَ سَلَّمَ ۗ إِنَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ

     ʔiḏ yurīkahumu llāhu fī manāmika qalīlan, wa-law ʔarākahum kaṯīran la-fašiltum wa-la-tanāzaʕtum fī l-ʔamri wa-lākinna llāha sallama, ʔinnahu ʕalīmun bi-ḏāti ṣ-ṣudūri

     When God showed them unto thee in thy dream as few, and if he had shown them to thee as many, ye would have dithered and would have made a fuss of the matter, but God kept you safe of it, for he knows how the breasts of the people go.

5. to hand over, to deliver

   فقالَ لِأتباعِهِ أكثَرَ مِن مَرَّةٍ إنَّهُ سيُسَلَّمُ.

   He told his followers more than once that he would be handed over.

6. to admit, to concede, to grant (with ب (b))

سَلِم • (salim) m (collective, singulative سَلِمَة f (salima)) and plural of variety or alternative collective سِلَام (silām)

2. stones
   • a. 622, لَبيد بن ربيعة [Labīd ibn Rabīʿa], معلقة Muʻallaqa, line 4b:

     ١ عَفَتِ الدِّيارُ مَحَلُّهَا فَمُقَامُهَا * بمنًى تأبَّدَ غَوْلُها فَرِجَامُهَا
     ٢ فمَدافعُ الرَّيَّانِ عُرِّيَ رَسْمُهَا * خَلَقًا كما ضَمِنَ الوُحِيَّ سِلاَمُها
     ٣ دِمَنٌ تَجَرَّمَ بَعدَ عَهْدِ أنِيسِهَا * حِجَجٌ خَلَوْنَ حَلالُهَا وحَرَامُهَا
     ٤ رُزِقَتْ مَرابيعَ النُّجُومِ وَصَابَهَا * وَدْقُ الرَّوَاعِدِ جَوْدُهَا فَرِهَامُها
     ٥ مِنْ كلِّ سَارِيَةٍ وغادٍ مُدْجِنٍ * وَعَشِيَّةٍ مُتجاوبٍ إرْزَامُهَا
     ٦ فَعَلا فُرُوعُ الأيْهُقَانِ وَأطْفَلَتْ * بالجَلهَتين ظِبَاؤهَا ونَعَامُهَا

     Effaced are her resting-places where she stayed and settled in Mina: deserted are her camps in Ḡawl and ar-Rijām
     and the torrents of ar-Rayyān: the traces thereof are laid bare and are torn, as inscribed rocks.
     Campsites have already passed after their period of use; years of war and peace overcome.
     Cast off there fell upon them the rains of spring signs, and there swept sated thunder clouds and drizzling rains
     from every cloud of night, every full one of morn, and those of eve, answering like a hoting squawk,
     and there sprung shoots of arugula, and in the brinks of a valley the goats and antelopes have youngs.

سَلَم • (salam) m (collective, singulative سَلَمَة f (salama), plural أَسْلَام (ʔaslām) or سِلَام (silām))

2. Acacia ehrenbergiana

سَلَم • (salam) m

1. (collective) captives

   Synonym: سَبْي (saby)

سَلَم • (salam) m

1. futures contract, time bargain, forward transaction

   Synonym: سَلَف (salaf)

From Arabic سُلَّم (sullam).

سلم • (sillim) m (plural سلالم (salālim))

1. stairs

سلم

1. Jawi spelling of selam.‎

Borrowed from Arabic سَلَم (salam).

سلم • (salam) (Tajik spelling салам)

2. Acacia ehrenbergiana

Borrowed from Avestan.

سلم • (salm / salm) (Tajik spelling Салм)

1. a male given name from Avestan
2. Salm (Shahnameh)

From Arabic سَلَّمَ (sallama).

• IPA^(key): /sal.lam/, [ˈsal.lam]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

سلّم • (sallam) II (present بسلّم (bisallem))

1. to greet

   Synonym: أهّل (ʔahhal)

2. (transitive) to hand in, to submit

   Synonym: قدّم (ʔaddam)