درود
Persian
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian [script needed] (drwd /drōd/, “well-being, health, welfare”), from Old Persian *druwatā-, from 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎺 (du-u-ru-u-v /duruva-/, “secure, healthy”), from Proto-Iranian *druwáh. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬝 (druuatāt̰, “health”) (from 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀- (druua-)) and Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruvá, “fixed, immovable; firm”). Related to Old Armenian դրուատ (druat). As a greeting compare Russian здоро́во (zdoróvo, “hi”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /da.ˈɾoːd/, /da.ˈɾuːd/, /du.ˈɾuːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪u.ɾud̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | darōd, darūd, durūd |
| Dari reading? | darūd, durūd |
| Iranian reading? | darud, dorud |
| Tajik reading? | durud |
- Rhymes: -uːd
Interjection
درود • (dorud)
Noun
درود • (dorud)
- greeting, salutation
- سلام و درود از خراسان ― salâm o dorud az xorasân ― hello and greetings from Khorasan
- health; well-being; welfare
Descendants
- → Bengali: দরূদ (dorud)
- → Hindustani:
- Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)
- Urdu: دُرُود (durūd)
- → English: durood
- → Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Also see دار (dâr), درخت (deraxt). Aghwan 𐔳𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐔳 (durud) is an Iranian borrowing.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /da.ˈɾuːd/, /du.ˈɾuːd/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪u.ɾed̪]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | darūd, durūd |
| Dari reading? | darūd, durūd |
| Iranian reading? | darud, dorud |
| Tajik reading? | dured |
Noun
درود • (dorud)
Alternative forms
- درید (dorid)
Derived terms
- درگر (dorgar, “carpenter”)
- درودگری (dorudgari, “carpentry”)
See also
- نجار (najjâr, “carpenter”)
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian درود (/durūd/), from Middle Persian drwd (drōd). First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi درود (drvd /drūd/),[1]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪/
- (colloquial) IPA(key): [d̪ə.ɾuːd̪]
- Rhymes: -uːd̪
- Hyphenation: دُ‧رُود
Noun
دُرُود • (durūd) m (Hindi spelling दुरूद)
- blessing, salutation
- (Islam) Salawat (durood – the uttering of specific phrases to bless the prophet Muhammad and his family whenever he is mentioned or encountered in a text)
- Synonym: سَلام (salām)
- (by extension) ellipsis of دُرُود شَرِیف (durūd śarīf)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دُرُود (durūd) | دُرُود (durūd) |
| oblique | دُرُود (durūd) | دُرُودوں (durūdõ) |
| vocative | دُرُود (durūd) | دُرُودو (durūdo) |
Derived terms
- دَم دُرُود (dam durūd, “blowing incantations or prayers, courage, guts, power to stand up to”)
- دُرُود و سَلام (durūd o salām, “benedictions and blessings on Prophet Muhammad”)
- فاتِحَہ دُرُود (fātiha durūd, “assembly convened to offer prayers for the dead”)
Descendants
- → English: durood