سپاهی
See also: سپاہی
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, cavalryman”). By surface analysis, سپاه (sipah, “army”) + ـی.
Noun
سپاهی • (sipahi) (plural سپاهیان or سپاهیلر (sipahiler))
- sipahi, a feudal cavalryman in the Ottoman Turkish army
- yeoman, a small freeholder who farms his own land
Derived terms
- تیمار سپاهیسی (timar sipahisi, “Timariot, yeoman of a small fief”)
- زعامت سپاهیسی (zeʼâmet sipahisi, “yeoman of a large fief”)
- سپاهی اوجاغی (sipahi ocağı, “special corps of cavalry”)
- سپاهی اوغلانی (sipahi oğlanı, “special corps of cavalry”)
- سپاهیانه (sipahiyane, “soldierly”)
- سپاهیلك (sipahilik, “military service”)
Descendants
- Turkish: sipahi
- → English: sipahi
- → French: spahi
- → Romanian: spahiu
- → Serbo-Croatian: sìpāh/сѝпа̄х, spàhija/спа̀хија
Further reading
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sipahi”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4258
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “سپاهی”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 263a
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سپاهی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 664
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Militaris”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1048
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سپاهی”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 2534
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sipahi”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سپاهی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1037
Persian
Etymology
From سپاه (sipāh / sepâh, “army”) + ـی (-ī / -i, noun forming suffix).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /si.paː.ˈhiː/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sɪ.pʰɑː.ɦíː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [se.pʰɒː.ɦíː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [si.pʰɔ.ɦí]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | sipāhī |
| Dari reading? | sipāhī |
| Iranian reading? | sepâhi |
| Tajik reading? | sipohi |
Noun
| Dari | سپاهی |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | сипоҳӣ |
سپاهی • (sipāhī / sepâhi) (plural سپاهیان)
- (mostly in historical contexts) soldier
- cavalryman
- sepoy
- IRGC member, pasdaran
Descendants
- → Baluchi: سپاہی, سپائی
- → Bengali: সিপাহী (śipahi), সিপাই (śipai), সেপাই (śepai), সিপাহি (śipahi) — uncommon
- → Garo: sipai
- → Hindustani: (see there for further descendants)
- → Gujarati: સિપાઈ (sipāī), સિપાહી (sipāhī)
- → Marathi: शिपाई (śipāī)
- → Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی (sipahi) (see there for further descendants)
- → Punjabi: