ـی

ـی (-î)

1. Arabic spelling of -î

ـی • (-ı, -i, -u, -ü)

1. 3rd-person possessive suffix

   قیامت كونی

   kıyamet günü

   judgement day

Borrowed from Classical Persian ی (-yi).

ی • (-yi, -yı)

1. Form of the ezafe particle ـِ for words ending in the vowels ـا (-â) and ـو (-u, -o).

   صحرا‌ی کبیر ― Sahra-yı Kebir ― the Sahara (literally, “the great desert”)

It is never joining.

• Turkish: -yi, -yı

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).

ـی • (-i)

1. Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.

• Turkish: -i

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِی (-ī).

ـی • (-i)

2. Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.

• Turkish: -i

From Middle Persian 𐭸 (1 /⁠ē(w)⁠/),^[1] from Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /⁠aiva⁠/), Proto-Iranian *Háywah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háywas, from Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Compare Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), and Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua).

• ای (ē / i) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
• ـیی (-ē / -i) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

• Notes: Never takes stress.

ـی • (-ē / -i) (Tajik spelling -е)

1. a, one; marks a noun phrase as indefinite or non-specific, especially in the literary language

   Synonym: (colloquial) یه (ye)

   سگی ― sag-i ― a dog

2. marks the antecedent of a restrictive relative clause as definite

   ساختمانی که علی در آن زندگی می‌کند بزرگ است.

   sâxtemân-i ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.

   The building where Ali lives is big.

   Contrast with:

   آن ساختمان که علی در آن زندگی می‌کند بزرگ است.

   ân sâxtemân ke 'ali dar ân zendegi mi-konad bozorg ast.

   That building, where Ali lives, is big.

From Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/),^[2] itself from Old Persian -𐎡𐎣 (-ikah) (see there for further origin). Cognates include Northern Kurdish -î, Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y. There is no evidence to support a relation with the Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy) which however does merge with this suffix exclusively in some Arabic loanwords. See ـه (-e) for another instance where the 'g' phoneme is removed from the end of the Middle Persian suffix in its New Persian form. For a few examples in which the final 'g' phoneme in Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /⁠-īg⁠/) was transformed to a 'k' phoneme instead of being lost during the transition from Middle to New Persian, refer to تاریک (târik, “dark”), باریک (bârik, “thin, narrow, delicate”), تازیک (tâzik, “Arab”) and نزدیک (nazdik, “near”).

• ای (ī / i) (used for words ending in ـه (

-a / -e))

• ـیی (-yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

• Notes: Always takes stress.

ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)

2. Forms adjectives (often nominalizable ones) from nouns.
   1. of or pertaining to

      ‎خورشید (xoršid, “sun”) + ‎ـی → ‎خورشیدی (xoršidi, “solar”, adjective)

      ‎پسته (peste, “pistachio”) + ‎ای → ‎پسته‌ای (peste-i, “containing pistachio (adjective); pistachio green (adjective); pistachio green (noun)”)

   2. from or belonging to

      ‎پارس (pârs, “Pars / Fars”) + ‎ـی → ‎پارسی (pârsi, “Persian”, adjective, noun)

      ‎تهران (tehrân, “Tehran”) + ‎ـی → ‎تهرانی (tehrâni, “Tehrani”, adjective, noun)

      ‎آسیا (âsiyâ, “Asia”) + ‎ـیی → ‎آسیایی (âsiyâyi, “Asian”, adjective, noun)

   3. able to, capable of being, deserved to be, determined to, and/or destined to

      ‎خوردن (xordan, “to eat”) + ‎ـی → ‎خوردنی (xordani, “edible (adjective); something edible (noun)”)

      ‎رفتن (raftan, “to go”) + ‎ـی → ‎رفتنی (raftani, “destined to leave”)

   4. surnames (derived from previous senses)

      ‎سلیمان (soleymân) + ‎ـی → ‎سلیمانی (soleymâni)

      ‎رضا (rezâ) + ‎ـیی → ‎رضایی (rezâyi)

      ‎خامنه (xâmene) + ‎ای → ‎خامنه‌ای (xâmene-i)

• → Ottoman Turkish: ـی (-i)
  • Turkish: -i

From Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/).^[2]

• ـگی (gī / gi) (used for words ending in ـه (-a / -e))
• ـیی (yī / yi) (used for words ending in ـا (ā / â) or ـو (ū, ō / u))

• Notes: Always takes stress.

ـی • (-ī / -i) (Tajik spelling -ӣ)

2. Forms abstract nouns, including names of professions or offices, from adjectives, occupational nouns, or titles.
   1. forms abstract nouns, from adjectives

      ‎بزرگ (bozorg, “big”) + ‎ـی → ‎بزرگی (bozorgi, “bigness”)

      ‎شیرین (širin, “sweet”) + ‎ـی → ‎شیرینی (širini, “sweetness”)

      ‎یگانه (yegâne, “unique”) + ‎ـگی → ‎یگانگی (yegânegi, “uniqueness”)

   2. forms the name of a profession, and the place where it is practiced, from an occupational noun

      ‎خیاط (xayyât, “tailor”) + ‎ـی → ‎خیاطی (xayyâti, “tailoring; tailor shop”)

      ‎نویسنده (nevisande, “writer, author”) + ‎ـگی → ‎نویسندگی (nevisandegi, “writing, authorship”)

   3. forms the name of an office, from a title

      ‎خان (xân, “khan”) + ‎ـی → ‎خانی (xâni, “khanship”)

      ‎خلیفه (xalife, “caliph”) + ‎ـگی → ‎خلیفگی (xalifegi, “caliphship”)

• → Azerbaijani: -i
• → Chagatai: ـی
  • Uzbek: -i
• → Hindustani: -ī

  Hindi: -ई (-ī)

  Urdu: ـی (-ī)

• → Ottoman Turkish: ـی (-i)
  • Turkish: -i

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• Notes: Never takes stress.

ی • (-yi / -ye) (Tajik spelling -и)

1. alternative form of ـِ (i / e, ezâfe particle)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika, diminutive suffix) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya, adjectival suffix). Later influenced by Persian ـی (-i).

ـی • (-ī) (Hindi spelling -ई)

2. relating to, forms adjectives from nouns

   ‎جوکِھم (jokhim, “risk”) + ‎ـِی (-ī) → ‎جوکِھمِی (jokhimī, “risky”)

   ‎پِسْتَہ (pista, “pistachio”) + ‎ـِی (-ī) → ‎پِسْتَئِی (pistaī, “having the color of [shelled] pistachios”)

Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, doer, possessor).

ـی • (ī) m (Hindi spelling -ई)

1. doer, possessor

   ‎ساتھ (sāth, “company, support”) + ‎ـی (-ī) → ‎ساتھی (sāthī, “companion, partner”)

   ‎روگ (rog, “sickness, disease”) + ‎ـی (-ī) → ‎روگی (rogī, “sick person, patient”)

Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /⁠-īh⁠/).

ـی • (-ī) f (Hindi spelling -ई)

1. forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns

   ‎روشن (rauśan, “bright”) + ‎ـی (-ī) → ‎روشنی (rauśnī, “brightness”)