-ई
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /iː/
Etymology 1
All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इक (-ika):
- Direct singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इउ (-iu), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑁄 (-igo), from Sanskrit -इकः (-ikaḥ)
- Oblique singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi, genitive singular), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-igassa) or -𑀇𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (-iassa), from Sanskrit -इकस्य (-ikasya)
- Vocative singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕 (-iga), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika)
- Direct plural inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit -𑀇𑀕𑀸 (-igā), from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ)
See -इयों (-iyõ) and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically. [1]
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | -ई -ī |
-ई -ī |
| oblique | -ई -ī |
-इयों -iyõ |
| vocative | -ई -ī |
-इयो -iyo |
Etymology 2
All forms are ultimately from Sanskrit -इका (-ikā). Specifically,
- Direct singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इअ (-ia), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकाः (-ikāḥ, nominative singular)
- Oblique singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इहे (-ihĕ/-ihi), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इकायाः (-ikāyāḥ, genitive singular)
- Vocative singular inherited from Apabhramsa -इए (-iĕ), from Prakrit [Term?], from Sanskrit -इके (-ike, vocative singular)
See -इयाँ (-iyā̃), -इयों (-iyõ), and -इयो (-iyo) for the etymologies of those endings specifically. [2]
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | -ई -ī |
-इयाँ -iyā̃ |
| oblique | -ई -ī |
-इयों -iyõ |
| vocative | -ई -ī |
-इयो -iyo |
Etymology 3
Inherited from Prakrit -𑀇𑀅 (-ia), from Sanskrit -इक (-ika) or Sanskrit -ईय (-īya). Later influenced by Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian -yk' / 𐭩𐭪𐭩 (yky /-īg/, adjectival suffix), a cognate of Sanskrit -इक (-ika) through Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas. Also influenced by Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy, nisba suffix), which in Classical Persian becomes ـی (-ī).
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) (Urdu spelling ـی)
- relating or belonging to, forms adjectives from nouns
Etymology 4
Borrowed from the nominative singular form of Sanskrit -इन् (-in, “doer, possessor”).
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) m (Urdu spelling ـی)
Etymology 5
Borrowed from Classical Persian ـی (-ī), from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/) (forms nouns from adjectives).[3] Doublet of -गी (-gī).
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) f (Urdu spelling ـی)
- forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | -ई -ī |
-इयाँ -iyā̃ |
| oblique | -ई -ī |
-इयों -iyõ |
| vocative | -ई -ī |
-इयो -iyo |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 7
- ^ Oberlies, Thomas (2005) A Historical Grammar of Hindi, Grazer Vergleichende Arbeiten, →ISBN, page 9
- ^ https://www.jahanshiri.ir/fa/en/suffix-i
Konkani
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [iː]
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) (Latin script -i, Kannada script -ಈ)
References
- Madhavi Sardesai (2006) A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani[1], Goa University (doctoral thesis)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- -ᬈ (Balinese script)
- -ဤ (Burmese script)
- -ई (Devanagari script)
- -ਈ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌈 (Grantha script)
- -ꦇ (Javanese script)
- -𑂆 (Kaithi script)
- -ឦ (Khmer script)
- -ອີ (Lao script)
- -ഈ (Malayalam script)
- -ᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
- -𑘃 (Modi script)
- -ᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
- -𑦣 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐃 (Newa script)
- -ଈ (Odia script)
- -ꢅ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆆 (Sharada script)
- -𑖃 (Siddham script)
- -ඊ (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩐𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚃 (Takri script)
- -ஈ (Tamil script)
- -อี (Thai script)
- -ཨཱི (Tibetan script)
- -𑨀𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /iː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /iː/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-iH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-iH, from Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂.
Suffix
-ई • (-ī) f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ई (-ī) | -यौ (-yau) -ई¹ (-ī¹) |
-यः (-yaḥ) -ईः¹ (-īḥ¹) |
| accusative | -ईम् (-īm) | -यौ (-yau) -ई¹ (-ī¹) |
-ईः (-īḥ) |
| instrumental | -या (-yā) | -ईभ्याम् (-ībhyām) | -ईभिः (-ībhiḥ) |
| dative | -यै (-yai) | -ईभ्याम् (-ībhyām) | -ईभ्यः (-ībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -याः (-yāḥ) -यै² (-yai²) |
-ईभ्याम् (-ībhyām) | -ईभ्यः (-ībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -याः (-yāḥ) -यै² (-yai²) |
-योः (-yoḥ) | -ईनाम् (-īnām) |
| locative | -याम् (-yām) | -योः (-yoḥ) | -ईषु (-īṣu) |
| vocative | -इ (-i) | -यौ (-yau) -ई¹ (-ī¹) |
-यः (-yaḥ) -ईः¹ (-īḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ई • (-ī́) m
- nominative singular of -इन् (-ín)