غضب

See also: عضت, عصب, and غ ص ب

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
غ ض ب (ḡ ḍ b)
4 terms

Compare Hebrew עָצַב (`atsab, “to hurt, to pain, to anger”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غَضِبَ • (ḡaḍiba) I (non-past يَغْضَبُ (yaḡḍabu), verbal noun غَضَب (ḡaḍab) or مَغْضَبَة (maḡḍaba))

to become angry, to be angry
Synonyms: اِغْتَاظَ (iḡtāẓa), حَمِئَ (ḥamiʔa), حَنِقَ (ḥaniqa), بَرْطَمَ (barṭama), اِشْتَاطَ (ištāṭa), زَخَّ (zaḵḵa)
to grow passionate for, to defend
to protect
Synonym: حَمَى (ḥamā)

Conjugation

Conjugation of **غَضِبَ** (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive, verbal nouns **غَضَب**, *مَغْضَبَة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					غَضَب, مَغْضَبَة ḡaḍab, maḡḍaba
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					غَاضِب, غَضِب, غَضْبَان ḡāḍib, ḡaḍib, ḡaḍbān
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَغْضُوب maḡḍūb
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غَضِبْتُ ḡaḍibtu	غَضِبْتَ ḡaḍibta	غَضِبَ ḡaḍiba	غَضِبْتُمَا ḡaḍibtumā	غَضِبَا ḡaḍibā	غَضِبْنَا ḡaḍibnā	غَضِبْتُمْ ḡaḍibtum	غَضِبُوا ḡaḍibū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	غَضِبْتُ ḡaḍibtu	غَضِبْتِ ḡaḍibti	غَضِبَتْ ḡaḍibat	غَضِبْتُمَا ḡaḍibtumā	غَضِبَتَا ḡaḍibatā	غَضِبْنَا ḡaḍibnā	غَضِبْتُنَّ ḡaḍibtunna	غَضِبْنَ ḡaḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَغْضَبُ ʔaḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُ taḡḍabu	يَغْضَبُ yaḡḍabu	تَغْضَبَانِ taḡḍabāni	يَغْضَبَانِ yaḡḍabāni	نَغْضَبُ naḡḍabu	تَغْضَبُونَ taḡḍabūna	يَغْضَبُونَ yaḡḍabūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَغْضَبُ ʔaḡḍabu	تَغْضَبِينَ taḡḍabīna	تَغْضَبُ taḡḍabu	تَغْضَبَانِ taḡḍabāni	تَغْضَبَانِ taḡḍabāni	نَغْضَبُ naḡḍabu	تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَغْضَبَ ʔaḡḍaba	تَغْضَبَ taḡḍaba	يَغْضَبَ yaḡḍaba	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا yaḡḍabā	نَغْضَبَ naḡḍaba	تَغْضَبُوا taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا yaḡḍabū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَغْضَبَ ʔaḡḍaba	تَغْضَبِي taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبَ taḡḍaba	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	نَغْضَبَ naḡḍaba	تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَغْضَبْ ʔaḡḍab	تَغْضَبْ taḡḍab	يَغْضَبْ yaḡḍab	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	يَغْضَبَا yaḡḍabā	نَغْضَبْ naḡḍab	تَغْضَبُوا taḡḍabū	يَغْضَبُوا yaḡḍabū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَغْضَبْ ʔaḡḍab	تَغْضَبِي taḡḍabī	تَغْضَبْ taḡḍab	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	تَغْضَبَا taḡḍabā	نَغْضَبْ naḡḍab	تَغْضَبْنَ taḡḍabna	يَغْضَبْنَ yaḡḍabna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِغْضَبْ iḡḍab		اِغْضَبَا iḡḍabā			اِغْضَبُوا iḡḍabū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِغْضَبِي iḡḍabī		اِغْضَبَا iḡḍabā			اِغْضَبْنَ iḡḍabna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُغْضَبُ yuḡḍabu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُغْضَبَ yuḡḍaba	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُغْضَبْ yuḡḍab	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣu.dˤi.ba/

Verb

غُضِبَ • (ḡuḍiba) I (passive-only, non-past يُغْضَبُ (yuḡḍabu), verbal noun ?)

to suffer from smallpox

Conjugation

Conjugation of **غُضِبَ** (I, sound, passive-only, verbal noun ?)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					? ?
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَغْضُوب maḡḍūb

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	غُضِبْتُ ḡuḍibtu	غُضِبْتَ ḡuḍibta	غُضِبَ ḡuḍiba	غُضِبْتُمَا ḡuḍibtumā	غُضِبَا ḡuḍibā	غُضِبْنَا ḡuḍibnā	غُضِبْتُمْ ḡuḍibtum	غُضِبُوا ḡuḍibū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	غُضِبْتُ ḡuḍibtu	غُضِبْتِ ḡuḍibti	غُضِبَتْ ḡuḍibat	غُضِبْتُمَا ḡuḍibtumā	غُضِبَتَا ḡuḍibatā	غُضِبْنَا ḡuḍibnā	غُضِبْتُنَّ ḡuḍibtunna	غُضِبْنَ ḡuḍibna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُغْضَبُ ʔuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُ tuḡḍabu	يُغْضَبُ yuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبَانِ tuḡḍabāni	يُغْضَبَانِ yuḡḍabāni	نُغْضَبُ nuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبُونَ tuḡḍabūna	يُغْضَبُونَ yuḡḍabūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُغْضَبُ ʔuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبِينَ tuḡḍabīna	تُغْضَبُ tuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبَانِ tuḡḍabāni	تُغْضَبَانِ tuḡḍabāni	نُغْضَبُ nuḡḍabu	تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُغْضَبَ ʔuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبَ tuḡḍaba	يُغْضَبَ yuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا yuḡḍabā	نُغْضَبَ nuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبُوا tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا yuḡḍabū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُغْضَبَ ʔuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبِي tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبَ tuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	نُغْضَبَ nuḡḍaba	تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُغْضَبْ ʔuḡḍab	تُغْضَبْ tuḡḍab	يُغْضَبْ yuḡḍab	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	يُغْضَبَا yuḡḍabā	نُغْضَبْ nuḡḍab	تُغْضَبُوا tuḡḍabū	يُغْضَبُوا yuḡḍabū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُغْضَبْ ʔuḡḍab	تُغْضَبِي tuḡḍabī	تُغْضَبْ tuḡḍab	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	تُغْضَبَا tuḡḍabā	نُغْضَبْ nuḡḍab	تُغْضَبْنَ tuḡḍabna	يُغْضَبْنَ yuḡḍabna

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “غضب”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Etymology 1.3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤab/

Noun

غَضَب • (ḡaḍab) m

verbal noun of غَضِبَ (ḡaḍiba) (form I)
anger
حَرَصَ جُحَا عَلَى تَجَنُّبِ غَضَبِ زَوْجَتِهِ وَمَرَّةً...
ḥaraṣa juḥā ʕalā tajannubi ḡaḍabi zawjatihi wamarratan...
Joha was keen to avoid his wife's anger and once ...

Declension

Declension of noun **غَضَب** (ḡaḍab)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	غَضَب ḡaḍab	الْغَضَب al-ḡaḍab	غَضَب ḡaḍab
nominative	غَضَبٌ ḡaḍabun	الْغَضَبُ al-ḡaḍabu	غَضَبُ ḡaḍabu
accusative	غَضَبًا ḡaḍaban	الْغَضَبَ al-ḡaḍaba	غَضَبَ ḡaḍaba
genitive	غَضَبٍ ḡaḍabin	الْغَضَبِ al-ḡaḍabi	غَضَبِ ḡaḍabi

Descendants

Maltese: għadab
→ Azerbaijani: qəzəb
→ Persian: غضب
- → Armenian: ղազաբ (ġazab)
- → Bengali: গজব (gojob)
- → Hindi: ग़ज़ब (ġazab)
- → Urdu: غضب
→ Ottoman Turkish: غضب (ġazab)
> Turkish: gazap (inherited)
→ Swahili: ghadhabu
→ Uyghur: غەزەپ (ghezep)
→ Uzbek: gʻazab

Etymology 1.4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɣa.dˤib/

Adjective

غَضِب • (ḡaḍib) (feminine غَضِبَة (ḡaḍiba), masculine plural غَضِبُونَ (ḡaḍibūna), feminine plural غَضِبَات (ḡaḍibāt))

angry, furious, enraged
annoyed, irritated

Declension

Declension of adjective **غَضِب** (ḡaḍib)
singular	masculine		feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	غَضِب ḡaḍib	الْغَضِب al-ḡaḍib	غَضِبَة ḡaḍiba	الْغَضِبَة al-ḡaḍiba
nominative	غَضِبٌ ḡaḍibun	الْغَضِبُ al-ḡaḍibu	غَضِبَةٌ ḡaḍibatun	الْغَضِبَةُ al-ḡaḍibatu
accusative	غَضِبًا ḡaḍiban	الْغَضِبَ al-ḡaḍiba	غَضِبَةً ḡaḍibatan	الْغَضِبَةَ al-ḡaḍibata
genitive	غَضِبٍ ḡaḍibin	الْغَضِبِ al-ḡaḍibi	غَضِبَةٍ ḡaḍibatin	الْغَضِبَةِ al-ḡaḍibati
dual	masculine		feminine
dual	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	غَضِبَيْن ḡaḍibayn	الْغَضِبَيْن al-ḡaḍibayn	غَضِبَتَيْن ḡaḍibatayn	الْغَضِبَتَيْن al-ḡaḍibatayn
nominative	غَضِبَانِ ḡaḍibāni	الْغَضِبَانِ al-ḡaḍibāni	غَضِبَتَانِ ḡaḍibatāni	الْغَضِبَتَانِ al-ḡaḍibatāni
accusative	غَضِبَيْنِ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibatayni
genitive	غَضِبَيْنِ ḡaḍibayni	الْغَضِبَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibayni	غَضِبَتَيْنِ ḡaḍibatayni	الْغَضِبَتَيْنِ al-ḡaḍibatayni
plural	masculine		feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
informal	غَضِبِين ḡaḍibīn	الْغَضِبِين al-ḡaḍibīn	غَضِبَات ḡaḍibāt	الْغَضِبَات al-ḡaḍibāt
nominative	غَضِبُونَ ḡaḍibūna	الْغَضِبُونَ al-ḡaḍibūna	غَضِبَاتٌ ḡaḍibātun	الْغَضِبَاتُ al-ḡaḍibātu
accusative	غَضِبِينَ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ al-ḡaḍibāti
genitive	غَضِبِينَ ḡaḍibīna	الْغَضِبِينَ al-ḡaḍibīna	غَضِبَاتٍ ḡaḍibātin	الْغَضِبَاتِ al-ḡaḍibāti

Synonyms

(angry): غَضْبَان (ḡaḍbān)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “غضب”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Noun

غضب • (ǧazáb) m

Declension

Declension of **غضب**
	singular	plural
direct	غضب (ghazáb)	غضب (ghazáb)
oblique	غضب (ghazáb)	غضبو (ghazábo)
vocative	غضبه (ghazába)	غضبو (ghazábo)

References

Raverty, H. G. (1867) “غضب”, in A dictionary of the Puk'hto, Pus'hto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity to other oriental tongues, London: Williams & Nortgate
“غضب”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “غضب”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 518

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ɣa.ˈzab/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɣä.zǽb̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qæ.zǽb̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʁä.zǽb]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ġazab
Dari reading^?	ġazab
Iranian reading^?	ġazab
Tajik reading^?	ġazab

Noun

غضب • (ġazab) (Tajik spelling ғазаб)

anger, rage, wrath
Synonyms: خشم (xešm), غیظ (ġeyz), عصبانیت (asabâniyat)
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 72:
  شه گهی گرچه کند خشم و غضب با بنده
  باز کارش بکرم نیز فراوان سازد
  šah gahī garči kunad xišm u ġazab bā banda
  bāz kāraš ba-karam nēz farāwān sāzad
  Though the king sometimes shows anger and wrath towards his slave,
  He does a great many deeds out of generosity as well.
  (Classical Persian transliteration)

Descendants

→ Armenian: ղազաբ (ġazab)
→ Bengali: গজব (gojob)
→ Hindi: ग़ज़ब (ġazab)
→ Urdu: غضب

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “غضب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (ġazab), from Arabic غَضَب (ḡaḍab).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɣə.zəb/
Rhymes: -əb

Noun

غَضَب • (ġazab) m (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

Declension

Declension of **غضب**
	singular	plural
direct	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَب (ġaẓab)
oblique	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَبوں (ġaẓabõ)
vocative	غَضَب (ġaẓab)	غَضَبو (ġaẓabo)

Adjective

غَضَب • (ġazab) (Hindi spelling ग़ज़ब)

References

“غضب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“غضب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “غضب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
John Shakespear (1834) “غضب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu غضب (ğazab).

Noun

غضب (ğazab)

anger; rage
trouble, disaster