كودن
Arabic
Alternative forms
- كَوْدَنِيّ (kawdaniyy)
Etymology
From Aramaic כוֹדְנָא / ܟܽܘܕܢܳܐ (kōḏnā) / כוֹדַנֽיָא / ܟܽܘܕܰܢܝܳܐ (kōḏanyā, “mule”), from Akkadian 𒀲𒆪𒁷 (ANŠEku-din /kūdunu, kūdanu, kūdannu, kūdinu/), written many different ways, equated to Sumerian 𒀲𒄊𒉣 (anše-ĝir₂-nun /anšeĝirnun/, “a type of equid”) which functions as a Sumerogram when spelled with an additional 𒈾 (-na) in the Akkadian orthography. The exact differentiating nature of the multiple terms for donkey remains uncertain; for more see Persian کودن.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaw.dan/
Noun
كَوْدَن • (kawdan) m (plural كَوَادِن (kawādin))
- a beast of burden, particularly a mule or hinny
- a. 1057, أبو العلاء المعري [ʾabū al-ʿalāʾ al-maʿarrī], خوى دَنُّ شَرب[1], line 11:
- تَفَرَّعَتِ الْجُرْدَ الْعِرَابَ لِعِزَّةٍ / كَوَادِنُ بَيْنَ المُقَرِّفَاتِ كَوَادِي
- tafarraʕati l-jurda l-ʕirāba liʕizzatin / kawādinu bayna l-muqarrifāti kawādī
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
| singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَوْدَن kawdan |
الْكَوْدَن al-kawdan |
كَوْدَن kawdan |
| nominative | كَوْدَنٌ kawdanun |
الْكَوْدَنُ al-kawdanu |
كَوْدَنُ kawdanu |
| accusative | كَوْدَنًا kawdanan |
الْكَوْدَنَ al-kawdana |
كَوْدَنَ kawdana |
| genitive | كَوْدَنٍ kawdanin |
الْكَوْدَنِ al-kawdani |
كَوْدَنِ kawdani |
| dual | indefinite | definite | construct |
| informal | كَوْدَنَيْن kawdanayn |
الْكَوْدَنَيْن al-kawdanayn |
كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay |
| nominative | كَوْدَنَانِ kawdanāni |
الْكَوْدَنَانِ al-kawdanāni |
كَوْدَنَا kawdanā |
| accusative | كَوْدَنَيْنِ kawdanayni |
الْكَوْدَنَيْنِ al-kawdanayni |
كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay |
| genitive | كَوْدَنَيْنِ kawdanayni |
الْكَوْدَنَيْنِ al-kawdanayni |
كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay |
| plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| indefinite | definite | construct | |
| informal | كَوَادِن kawādin |
الْكَوَادِن al-kawādin |
كَوَادِن kawādin |
| nominative | كَوَادِنُ kawādinu |
الْكَوَادِنُ al-kawādinu |
كَوَادِنُ kawādinu |
| accusative | كَوَادِنَ kawādina |
الْكَوَادِنَ al-kawādina |
كَوَادِنَ kawādina |
| genitive | كَوَادِنَ kawādina |
الْكَوَادِنِ al-kawādini |
كَوَادِنِ kawādini |
References
- “kwdn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Brockelmann, Carl (1897) “Etymologische Miscellen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[2] (in German), volume 51, page 659
- Diem, Werner (2008) “Schwieriger Verkauf einer Mauleselin”, in Studien zur Semitistik und Arabistik: Festschrift für Hartmut Bobzin zum 60. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 62 from 57–72
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 109
- Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 24
- Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, pages 54–55 Nr. 142
- Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 169–170 No. 124, ignoring variants in Akkadian and the revealing variation in the Arabic which makes the long-known borrowed origin clear.
- Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[3] (in German), volume 50, page 652 Nr. 287, baselessly deriving from Middle Persian [script needed] (kōtīna) (while there is Persian کودن (kowdan, “decrepit beast of burden”)), which Brockelmann corrected for a chain from Akkadian via Aramaic.
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 50