کڑوا

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Hindi کڙوا (kṛva),[1] from Old Hindi करवा (karavā), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua), from Sanskrit कटुक (kaṭuka).[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

کَڑوا • (kaṛvā) (Hindi spelling कड़वा)

  1. bitter, acrid
  2. harsh, coarse
  3. sharp, pungent
  4. unpleasant, disagreeable
    Antonym: مِیٹھا (mīṭhā)

Declension

Declension of کڑوا
masculine feminine
singular plural singular plural
direct کڑوا (kaṛvā) کڑوے (kaṛve) کڑوی (kaṛvī) کڑوی (kaṛvī)
indirect کڑوے (kaṛve) کڑوے (kaṛve) کڑوی (kaṛvī) کڑوی (kaṛvī)

Derived terms

  • کَڑواپَن (kaṛvāpan)
  • کَڑواہَٹ (kaṛvāhaṭ)

See also

Basic tastes in Urdu · ذائِقے (zāiqe) (layout · text)
مِیٹھا (mīṭhā) کَھٹّا (khaṭṭā) نَمکِین (namkīn) کَڑوا (kaṛvā) تِیکھا (tīkhā) لَذِیذ (lazīz)

References

  1. ^ “کڑوا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132

Further reading

More information
  • “کڑوا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “کڑوا”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “کڙوا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “کڙوا”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 1346
  • John Shakespear (1834) “کڙوا”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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