कड़वा
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi करवा (karavā), from Prakrit 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-), from Sanskrit कटुक (káṭuka, “pungent, bitter”). Cognate to Gujarati કડવું (kaḍvũ), Marathi कडू (kaḍū).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /kəɽ.ʋɑː/, [kɐɽ.ʋäː]
Adjective
कड़वा • (kaṛvā) (Urdu spelling کَڑْوَا)
Declension
| masculine | feminine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| direct | कड़वा kaṛvā |
कड़वे kaṛve |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
| oblique | कड़वे kaṛve |
कड़वे kaṛve |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
| vocative | कड़वे kaṛve |
कड़वे kaṛve |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
कड़वी kaṛvī |
Derived terms
See also
| Basic tastes in Hindi · स्वाद (svād) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| मीठा (mīṭhā) | खट्टा (khaṭṭā) | नमकीन (namkīn) | कड़वा (kaṛvā) | तीखा (tīkhā) | स्वादिष्ट (svādiṣṭ) |
Proper noun
कड़वा • (kaṛvā) m
Further reading
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कड़वा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 86.
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कड़वा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 758
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कड़वा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 160
- Platts, John T. (1884) “کڙوا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 832
- “कड़वा”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “káṭuka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 132