ܚܘܒܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܒ ܒ (ḥ b b)
4 terms

Inherited from Aramaic חוּבָּא (ḥūbbā, “love; burning sensation”); in Aramaic, only found in Assyria Neo-Aramaic, Classical Syriac, and Turoyo (ܚܘܒܐ (ḥubo)); compare also Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈxub.bɑː]
(Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ˈħub.bɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܒܵܐ • (ḥūbā) m (uncountable)

love, affection
Synonyms: ܪܸܚܡܬ݂ܵܐ (riḥmṯā), ܒܸܥܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (biˁyūṯā)
- John 5:42:
  ܐܸܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܕܠܲܝܬ ܒܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ.
  illā kē yāḏˁēn lāwḵōn dlayt bīyāwḵōn ḥūbā d-allāhā.
  But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.
- Romans 5:8:
  ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܡܘܼܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܘܼܒܹܗ ܐܸܠܲܢ، ܟܲܕ݂ ܚܲܛܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ، ܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ ܠܹܗ ܚܠܵܦܲܢ.
  īnā allāhā muḥzē lēh ḥubbēh illan, kaḏ ḥaṭṭāyē ìwaḥ wā, hādḵā mšīḥā mīṯ lēh ḥlāpan.
  But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

Inflection

Inflection of **ܚܘܼܒܵܐ**
number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	ܚܘܼܒ (ḥūb)	1^st person	ܚܘܼܒܝܼ (ḥubbī)		ܚܘܼܒܲܢ (ḥubban)
	construct	ܚܘܼܒ (ḥūb)	2^nd person	ܚܘܼܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥūbōḵ)	ܚܘܼܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥubbāḵ)	ܚܘܼܒܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥūbawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (ḥūbā)	3^rd person	ܚܘܼܒܹܗ (ḥubbēh)	ܚܘܼܒܵܗ̇ (ḥubbāh)	ܚܘܼܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥubbhōn)

Derived terms

ܒܚܘܼܒܘܼܟ݂ (bḥūbōḵ)
ܒܲܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (bar ḥūbā)
ܚܘܼܒܵܐܝܼܬ݂
ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐ (ḥubbānā)
ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥūbānāˀīṯ)
ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ḥūbānāyā)
ܡܵܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (mār ḥūbā)
ܫܘܿܥܝܼܬ݂ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (šōˁīṯ ḥūbā)

Etymology 2

Root
ܚ ܘ ܒ (ḥ w b)
4 terms

Inherited from Aramaic חַוְבָא (ḥawbā); compare Hebrew חוֹב (khov).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈxɑw.bɑː]
(Urmia) IPA^(key): [ˈxoːbɑː]

Noun

ܚܲܘܒܵܐ • (ḥawbā) m sg (plural ܚܲܘܒܹ̈ܐ (ḥawbē))

debt, due, obligation
guilt, liability
(in the plural) sins
Synonym: ܚܸ̈ܛܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥiṭyāṯā)

Inflection

Inflection of **ܚܲܘܒܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	ܚܘܿܒ݂ (ḥōḇ)	1^st person	ܚܲܘܒܝܼ (ḥawbī)		ܚܲܘܒܲܢ (ḥawban)
	construct	ܚܘܿܒ݂ (ḥōḇ)	2^nd person	ܚܲܘܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥawbōḵ)	ܚܲܘܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥawbāḵ)	ܚܲܘܒܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥawbawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܘܒܵܐ (ḥawbā)	3^rd person	ܚܲܘܒܹܗ (ḥawbēh)	ܚܲܘܒܵܗ̇ (ḥawbāh)	ܚܲܘܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥawbhōn)
plural	absolute	ܚܲܘܒܝܼ̈ܢ (ḥawbīn)	1^st person	ܚܲܘܒܝܼ̈ (ḥawbī)		ܚܲܘܒܲܢ̈ (ḥawban)
	construct	ܚܲܘܒܲܝ̈ (ḥawbay)	2^nd person	ܚܲܘܒܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥawbōḵ)	ܚܲܘܒܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥawbāḵ)	ܚܲܘܒܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥawbawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܘܒܹ̈ܐ (ḥawbē)	3^rd person	ܚܲܘܒܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥawbūh)	ܚܲܘܒܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (ḥawbōh)	ܚܲܘܒܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ḥawbayhōn)

Derived terms

ܚܲܘܒܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥawbṯā)
ܡܵܪ ܚܲܘܒܵܐ (mār ḥawbā)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ ܒ ܒ related to burning; compare Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb).

Pronunciation

(Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħub.bɑ]
(Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxub.bɑ]
(Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħu.bo]

Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥūbbā) m(uncountable)

love, affection
- Peshitta, John 5:42:
  ܐܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܟܘܢ. ܕܚܘܒܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܝܬ ܒܟܘܢ.
  ʾellā ʾīḏaʿtəḵōn, də-ḥūbbēh ḏə-ʾălāhā layt bəḵōn.
  But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.
charity
(used with 2nd person possessive suffixes as a title) dear, beloved

Inflection

Inflection of **ܚܘܒܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܘܒ	1^st person	ܚܘܒܝ		ܚܘܒܢ
	construct	ܚܘܒ	2^nd person	ܚܘܒܟ	ܚܘܒܟܝ	ܚܘܒܟܘܢ	ܚܘܒܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܒܐ	3^rd person	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܗܘܢ	ܚܘܒܗܝܢ

Derived terms

ܒܚܘܒ ܩܛܝܪ (bə-ḥoḇ qəṭīr, “willy-nilly”)
ܒܪ ܚܘܒܐ (bar ḥūbbā, “friend”)
ܚܘܒܐܝܬ (ḥūbbāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
ܚܘܒܢܐܝܬ (ḥūbbānāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
ܚܘܒܢܝܐ (ḥūbbānāyā, “loving”)

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ ܘ ܒ related to owing; compare Hebrew חוֹב (ḥôḇ).

Pronunciation

(Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħaw.bɑ]
(Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxɑw.bɑ]
(Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑw.bo]

Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥawbā) m (plural ܚܘܒܐ (ḥawbē))

debt, due
guilt, liability
(in the plural) sins
- Peshitta, Matthew 6:12:
  ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘܒܝ̈ܢ: ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܚܝܒܝ̈ܢ.
  wa-šəḇoq lan ḥawbayn, ʾaykannā ḏə-āp̄ ḥənan šəḇaqn lə-ḥayyāḇayn.
  And forgive us our debts [sins], as we forgive our debtors.

Inflection

Inflection of **ܚܘܒܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܘܒ	1^st person	ܚܘܒܝ		ܚܘܒܢ
	construct	ܚܘܒ	2^nd person	ܚܘܒܟ	ܚܘܒܟܝ	ܚܘܒܟܘܢ	ܚܘܒܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܒܐ	3^rd person	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܗܘܢ	ܚܘܒܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܘܒܝܢ	1^st person	ܚܘܒܝ		ܚܘܒܝܢ
	construct	ܚܘܒܝ	2^nd person	ܚܘܒܝܟ	ܚܘܒܝܟܝ	ܚܘܒܝܟܘܢ	ܚܘܒܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܒܐ	3^rd person	ܚܘܒܘܗܝ	ܚܘܒܝܗ	ܚܘܒܝܗܘܢ	ܚܘܒܝܗܝܢ

Derived terms

ܡܪܐ ܚܘܒܐ (mārē ḥawbā, “debtor”)

References

“ḥwb³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 17 July 2021
“ḥwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 25 November 2008
Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 93b, 98b
Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 129b
Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 419a–b