ܚܝܠܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
| Root |
|---|
| ܚ ܘ ܠ (ḥ w l) |
| 1 term |
Inherited from Aramaic חַילָא (ḥaylā); compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (kháyil) with the sense of “miracle” a semantic loan from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): [xaj.lɑː]
- (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [xeːla], [ħeːla]
- (Urmia) IPA(key): [xeːlɑː]
Noun
ܚܲܝܠܵܐ • (ḥaylā) m sg (plural ܚܲܝ̈ܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaylawwāṯā) or ܚܲܝ̈ܠܹܐ (ḥaylē))
- strength, vigor, might, force, power
- multitude, abundance, wealth, resource, possession
- potentiality, possibility, capacity
- miracle, wonder
- (military, in the plural) army, force, host
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܚܹܝܠ (ḥēl) | 1st person | ܚܲܝܠܝܼ (ḥaylī) | ܚܲܝܠܲܢ (ḥaylan) | |||
| construct | ܚܹܝܠ (ḥēl) | 2nd person | ܚܲܝܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥaylōḵ) | ܚܲܝܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥaylāḵ) | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (ḥaylā) | 3rd person | ܚܲܝܠܹܗ (ḥaylēh) | ܚܲܝܠܵܗ̇ (ḥaylāh) | ܚܲܝܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥaylhōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܢ̈ (ḥaylawwān) | 1st person | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (ḥaylawwāṯī) | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (ḥaylawwāṯan) | |||
| construct | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂̈ (ḥaylawwāṯ) | 2nd person | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥaylawwāṯōḵ) | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥaylawwāṯāḵ) | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥaylawwāṯawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܚܲܝ̈ܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥaylawwāṯā) | 3rd person | ܚܲܝ̈ܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܹܗ (ḥaylawwāṯēh) | ܚܲܝ̈ܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܗ̇ (ḥaylawwāṯāh) | ܚܲܝܠܲܘܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥaylawwāṯhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ (bḥaylā)
- ܒܚܲܝܠܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (bḥaylā d-allāhā)
- ܟܲܝܵܠ ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (kayyāl ḥaylā)
- ܪܲܒ݂ ܚܲܝܠܵܐ (raḇ ḥaylā)
- ܚܲܝ̈ܠܵܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܙܘܼܝ̈ܢܹܐ (ḥaylāwāṯā mzūynē, “armed forces”)
Classical Syriac
Etymology 1
Compare Arabic حَوْل (ḥawl) and Hebrew חַיִל (ḥayil). The sense of "miracle" is a calque of Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ħajlɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ħajle], [ħajlawwɑθɑ], [ħajlɑjawwɑθɑ] (plural)
Noun
ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܘܬܐ or ܚܝܠܐ)
- strength, vigor/vigour, might
- force, power
- (military) army, host
- multitude, abundance, wealth
- meaning, sense, import
- resource, possession
- courage, virtue
- sacred service
- (usually feminine) miracle, wonder
- potentiality, possibility, capacity
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܚܝܠ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܟ | ܚܝܠܟܝ | ܚܝܠܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܗܝܢ | |||
| plural | absolute | ܚܝܠܝܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܝ ,ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠܝܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܘܬ ,ܚܝܠܝ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟ ,ܚܝܠܝܟ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܐ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܐ , | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܗܝ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗ ,ܚܝܠܝܗ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ħ(ə)jɑlɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ħ(ə)jɑle] (plural)
Noun
ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܚܝܠ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܟ | ܚܝܠܟܝ | ܚܝܠܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܚܝܠܐ | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܚܝܠܝܢ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠܝ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܝܟ | ܚܝܠܝܟܝ | ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܚܝܠܐ | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܘܗܝ | ܚܝܠܝܗ | ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ | ||
Etymology 3
Possibly from Arabic خَيَال (ḵayāl).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ħɑjɑlɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ħɑjɑle] (plural)
Noun
ܚܝܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܝܠܐ)
- kind of plant
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܚܝܠ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܟ | ܚܝܠܟܝ | ܚܝܠܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܚܝܠܐ | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗ | ܚܝܠܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܚܝܠܝܢ | 1st person | ܚܝܠܝ | ܚܝܠܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܚܝܠܝ | 2nd person | ܚܝܠܝܟ | ܚܝܠܝܟܝ | ܚܝܠܝܟܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܚܝܠܐ | 3rd person | ܚܝܠܘܗܝ | ܚܝܠܝܗ | ܚܝܠܝܗܘܢ | ܚܝܠܝܗܝܢ | ||
References
- “ḥyl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 103b
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 140a–b
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, pages 447b–448a