ܥܠܡܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
Inherited from Aramaic עָלְמָא (ʿāləmā), itself possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/, “front, before; both temporally and in location; coming before your time or being currently physically before you now”); compare Hebrew עוֹלָם ('olám), Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam) and Amharic ዓለም (ʿaläm).
Pronunciation
Noun
ܥܵܠܡܵܐ • (ˁālmā) m sg (plural ܥܵܠܡܹ̈ܐ (ˁālmē))
- world
- nation, people
- Synonym: ܥܲܡܵܐ (ˁammā)
- population, people, populace (especially in a societal sense)
- Synonym: ܩܘܼܛܢܵܐ (quṭnā)
- ܥܵܠܡܵܐ ܟܠܹܗ ܢܸܫ̈ܝܹܐ ܝܢܵܐ ܐܝܼܩܵܪܵܐ
- ˁālmā kullēh nišyē ìnā īqārā
- All the people have forgotten honor.
Usage notes
When describing a collection of people, this word may sometimes be treated as grammatically plural.
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | |||||||
| singular | absolute | ܥܵܠܲܡ (ˁālam) | 1st person | ܥܵܠܡܝܼ (ˁālmī) | ܥܵܠܡܲܢ (ˁālman) | |||
| construct | ܥܵܠܲܡ (ˁālam) | 2nd person | ܥܵܠܡܘܼܟ݂ (ˁālmōḵ) | ܥܵܠܡܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁālmāḵ) | ܥܵܠܡܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁālmawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܥܵܠܡܵܐ (ˁālmā) | 3rd person | ܥܵܠܡܹܗ (ˁālmēh) | ܥܵܠܡܵܗ̇ (ˁālmāh) | ܥܵܠܡܗܘܿܢ (ˁālmhōn) | |||
| plural | absolute | ܥܵܠܡܝܼ̈ܢ (ˁālmīn) | 1st person | ܥܵܠܡܝܼ̈ (ˁālmī) | ܥܵܠܡܲܢ̈ (ˁālman) | |||
| construct | ܥܵܠܡܲܝ̈ (ˁālmay) | 2nd person | ܥܵܠܡܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ˁālmōḵ) | ܥܵܠܡܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ˁālmāḵ) | ܥܵܠܡܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁālmawḵōn) | |||
| emphatic | ܥܵܠܡܹ̈ܐ (ˁālmē) | 3rd person | ܥܵܠܡܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ˁālmūh) | ܥܵܠܡܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (ˁālmōh) | ܥܵܠܡܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (ˁālmayhōn) | |||
Derived terms
- ܥܵܠܲܡ (ˁālam, “eternity, forever”)
- ܥܵܠܡܵܝܵܐ (ˁālmāyā)
- ܥܵܠܡܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ˁālmānāyā)
Classical Syriac
Etymology
Compare Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam) and Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿôlām).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʕɑlmɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ʕɑlme] (plural)
Noun
ܥܠܡܐ • (ˁālmā) m (plural ܥܠܡܐ)
Inflection
| isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | ||||
| m | f | m | f | |||||
| singular | absolute | ܥܠܡ | 1st person | ܥܠܡܝ | ܥܠܡܢ | |||
| construct | ܥܠܡ | 2nd person | ܥܠܡܟ | ܥܠܡܟܝ | ܥܠܡܟܘܢ | ܥܠܡܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܥܠܡܐ | 3rd person | ܥܠܡܗ | ܥܠܡܗ | ܥܠܡܗܘܢ | ܥܠܡܗܝܢ | ||
| plural | absolute | ܥܠܡܝܢ | 1st person | ܥܠܡܝ | ܥܠܡܝܢ | |||
| construct | ܥܠܡܝ | 2nd person | ܥܠܡܝܟ | ܥܠܡܝܟܝ | ܥܠܡܝܟܘܢ | ܥܠܡܝܟܝܢ | ||
| emphatic | ܥܠܡܐ | 3rd person | ܥܠܡܘܗܝ | ܥܠܡܝܗ | ܥܠܡܝܗܘܢ | ܥܠܡܝܗܝܢ | ||
References
- “ˁlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 254b
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 415a–b
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, →ISBN, page 1105a