عالم

Borrowed from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/, “front, before; both temporally and in location; coming before your time or being currently physically before you now”).

• عٰلَم (ʕālam)

• IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lam/

عَالَم • (ʕālam) m (plural عَالَمُون (ʕālamūn) or عَوَالِم (ʕawālim))

1. world
2. universe, cosmos, existence
3. (chiefly Christianity) world, hereunder, worldly life

   Synonym: دُنْيَا (dunyā)

   فِي العالَمِ يَكُونُ لَكُم ضِيقٌ، وَلٰكِن ثِقُوا: أَنَا قَد غَلَبْتُ العالَم.

   fī l-ʕālami yakūnu lakum ḍīqun, walākin ṯiqū: ʔanā qad ḡalabtu l-ʕālam.

   In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer: I have overcome the world. (John 16:33)

4. things, creation, that which exists before you
5. nation, people, group, type, or kind

Derived from the active participle of the verb عَلِمَ (ʕalima, “to know”), from the root ع ل م (ʕ l m).

عَالِم • (ʕālim) m (plural عَالِمُون (ʕālimūn) or عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), feminine عَالِمَة (ʕālima))

1. scholar, man of letters, scientist
2. knowledgeable person, savant

• → Azerbaijani: alim
• → Bengali: আলেম (alem)
• → Fula: aalim
• → Kazakh: ғалым (ğalym)
• → Kyrgyz: аалым (aalım)
• → Ottoman Turkish: عالم (ʿālim)

  > Turkish: âlim (inherited)

• → Persian: عالم ('âlem)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਆਲਮ (ālam)

    Shahmukhi script: عالم (ālim)

• → Urdu: عالم (ālim)

• “ˁlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Fischer, Wolfdietrich (2006) Grammatik des Klassischen Arabisch (in German), 4^th edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, § 62 Anm. 5, page 36
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[1] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →DOI, page 17
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎^[2] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →DOI, page 21
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 208–209
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎^[3] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, →DOI, page 112

عالم ('alim)

1. teacher

From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

عالم • (ʕālam) m (plural عوالم (ʕwālim))

1. world

   Synonym: دني (dini)

2. people, folk

   Synonym: ناس (nās)

   كان في كتير عالم هنيك.

   kān fi ktīr ʕālam hunīk.

   There were a lot of people there.

• When meaning “people” it is often construed with a feminine or plural verb, like ناس.

Borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

عالم • (alem) (plural عالمون (alemun), and عوالم (ewalim))

1. world, universe, everything except God
2. age, time, period

• Turkish: âlem

Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim).

عالم • (alim) (plural علما (ulema), and علام (ullam))

1. learned man, scholar, man of letters
2. particularly, a member of a certain class of men with a state-sponsored tenure, as distinguished from a mufti, being part of the askeri class, alim [since Mehmed II]

عالم • (alim)

1. learned, educated

   عالم بر خاتون ― alim bir hatun ― a learned lady

• Turkish: âlim

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عالم”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, columns 3196–3197
• Ottoman imperial Sunni ulama on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Die Ulamā im Osmanischen Reich on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^de

Borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Readings
Classical reading?	ālam
Dari reading?	ālam
Iranian reading?	âlam
Tajik reading?	olam

عالَم • ('âlam)

1. world; universe

   Synonyms: جهان (jahân), دنیا (donyâ)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 64:

     کین جهان چاهیست بس تاریک و تنگ
     هست بیرون عالمی بی بو و رنگ

     k-in jahân čâhi-st bas târik o tang
     hast birun 'âlami bi bu o rang

     [Saying,] "This world is an exceeding dark and narrow pit; outside is a world without scent or colour."

   • late 1300s, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “Ghazal 470 (Sīne mālāmāl-e dard ast)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

     زیرکی را گفتم این احوال بین خندید و گفت
     صعب روزی بوالعجب کاری پریشان عالمی

     ziraki râ goftam in ahvâl bin, xandid o goft
     sa'b ruzi, bol-'ajab kâri, parišân 'âlami

     I said to a wise one, "Look at these conditions!" He laughed and said,
     "A difficult day, a strange affair, a perplexing world!"

• → Bengali: আলম (alom)
• → Gujarati: આલમ (ālam)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਆਲਮ (ālam)

  Shahmukhi script: عالم (ālam)

• → Udi: аьлаьм (äläm)
• → Urdu: عالم (äläm)

Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

Readings
Classical reading?	ālim
Dari reading?	ālim
Iranian reading?	âlem
Tajik reading?	olim

عالِم • ('âlem)

1. learned; knowledgeable

• → Gujarati: આલિમ (ālim)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالَم (ālam), borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• IPA^(key): /ɑː.lə.mᵊ/

عالَم • (ʻālam) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਲਮ)

1. world
2. universe
3. kingdom
4. state, condition

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالِم (ālim), borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

• IPA^(key): /ɑː.lə.mᵊ/

عالَم • (ʻālam) (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਲਮ)

1. learned
2. knowledgeable
3. intelligent
4. wise

• Many Arabic loanwords, such as عالَم (ʻālam), can have multiple meanings in Punjabi, where in this case, one is related to the noun, while the latter meaning is used to refer to the adjective. Both are borrowed from different Arabic words, yet have the same pronunciation in Punjabi, unlike in, the sister language, Urdu عالِم ('ālim), (and rarely in Hindi आलिम (ālim)), where there is a distinction in pronunciation between the adjective and the noun. This can cause ambiguity as generally Punjabi speakers, who tend to also speak Hindi and Urdu, might actually mix words from either languages and not emphasise on the difference in pronunciation.

• عِلْم (ʻilm)

From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lam/, [ˈʕæː.lam]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

عالم • (ʕālam) m

1. world

   Synonym: دنيا (dinya)

From Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim).

• IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lim/, [ˈʕæː.lɪm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

عالم • (ʕālem) (feminine عالمة (ʕālme), elative أعلم (ʔaʕlam))

1. aware
2. (formal) knowing

عالم • (ʕālem) m (plural علماء (ʕulamāʔ), feminine عالمة (ʕālme))

1. scholar, scientist

   Synonym: باحث (bāḥes)

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالَم (ālam), borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑː.ləm/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əm

عالَم • ('ālam) m (Hindi spelling आलम)

1. world
2. universe
3. mankind
4. kingdom
5. season
6. state, condition
7. age, period

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالِم (ālim), borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑː.lɪm/

• Audio (Pakistan):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪm

عالِم • ('ālim) (Hindi spelling आलिम)

1. learned
2. knowledgeable
3. intelligent
4. wise

عالم • ('ālim) m (Hindi spelling आलिम)

1. doctor
2. scientist

   Synonyms: دانش مند (dāniś-mand), سائنسدان (sāinsdān)

3. scholar

   Synonym: دانشور (dāniśvar)

• علم ('ilm)