علم

See also: غلم and ع ل م

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع ل م (ʕ l m)
28 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.li.ma/

Verb

عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I (non-past يَعْلَمُ (yaʕlamu), verbal noun عِلْم (ʕilm))

(transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 96:14:
  أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللهَ يَرَى
  ʔalam yaʕlam biʔanna llāha yarā
  Does he not know that Allah sees ˹all˺?
to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn

Conjugation

Conjugation of **عَلِمَ** (I, sound, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun **عِلْم**)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عِلْم ʕilm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَالِم ʕālim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَعْلُوم maʕlūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتَ ʕalimta	عَلِمَ ʕalima	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَا ʕalimā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُمْ ʕalimtum	عَلِمُوا ʕalimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتِ ʕalimti	عَلِمَتْ ʕalimat	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَتَا ʕalimatā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُنَّ ʕalimtunna	عَلِمْنَ ʕalimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	يَعْلَمُ yaʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	يَعْلَمَانِ yaʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمُونَ taʕlamūna	يَعْلَمُونَ yaʕlamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمِينَ taʕlamīna	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	يَعْلَمَ yaʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	يَعْلَمْ yaʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْلَمْ iʕlam		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمُوا iʕlamū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِعْلَمِي iʕlamī		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمْنَ iʕlamna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	عُلِمَ ʕulima	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُعْلَمُ yuʕlamu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُعْلَمَ yuʕlama	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُعْلَمْ yuʕlam	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.la.ma/

Verb

عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II (non-past يُعَلِّمُ (yuʕallimu), verbal noun تَعْلِيم (taʕlīm))

(ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
المعلم يعلم الطلاب الرياضيات.
Al-muʕallim yuʕallimu aṭ-ṭullāb ar-riyāḍiyyāt.
The teacher teaches the students mathematics.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:
  إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
  ʔinnahu lakabīrukumu llaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūna
  He is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
(transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark

Conjugation

Conjugation of **عَلَّمَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَعْلِيم*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَعْلِيم taʕlīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُعَلِّم muʕallim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُعَلَّم muʕallam
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتَ ʕallamta	عَلَّمَ ʕallama	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَا ʕallamā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُمْ ʕallamtum	عَلَّمُوا ʕallamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتِ ʕallamti	عَلَّمَتْ ʕallamat	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَتَا ʕallamatā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُنَّ ʕallamtunna	عَلَّمْنَ ʕallamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	يُعَلِّمُ yuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	يُعَلِّمَانِ yuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُونَ tuʕallimūna	يُعَلِّمُونَ yuʕallimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمِينَ tuʕallimīna	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	يُعَلِّمَ yuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	يُعَلِّمْ yuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَلِّمْ ʕallim		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمُوا ʕallimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		عَلِّمِي ʕallimī		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمْنَ ʕallimna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتَ ʕullimta	عُلِّمَ ʕullima	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَا ʕullimā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُمْ ʕullimtum	عُلِّمُوا ʕullimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتِ ʕullimti	عُلِّمَتْ ʕullimat	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَتَا ʕullimatā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُنَّ ʕullimtunna	عُلِّمْنَ ʕullimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	يُعَلَّمُ yuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	يُعَلَّمَانِ yuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُونَ tuʕallamūna	يُعَلَّمُونَ yuʕallamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمِينَ tuʕallamīna	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	يُعَلَّمَ yuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	يُعَلَّمْ yuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/
ʿilm: (file)

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))

verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
knowledge, learning, lore
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:معرفة
cognition, acquaintance
information
perception, knowledge
(plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
الْعُلُوم ― al-ʕulūm ― the natural sciences

Declension

Declension of noun **عِلْم** (ʕilm)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِلْم ʕilm	الْعِلْم al-ʕilm	عِلْم ʕilm
nominative	عِلْمٌ ʕilmun	الْعِلْمُ al-ʕilmu	عِلْمُ ʕilmu
accusative	عِلْمًا ʕilman	الْعِلْمَ al-ʕilma	عِلْمَ ʕilma
genitive	عِلْمٍ ʕilmin	الْعِلْمِ al-ʕilmi	عِلْمِ ʕilmi
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عِلْمَيْن ʕilmayn	الْعِلْمَيْن al-ʕilmayn	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
nominative	عِلْمَانِ ʕilmāni	الْعِلْمَانِ al-ʕilmāni	عِلْمَا ʕilmā
accusative	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
genitive	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عُلُوم ʕulūm	الْعُلُوم al-ʕulūm	عُلُوم ʕulūm
nominative	عُلُومٌ ʕulūmun	الْعُلُومُ al-ʕulūmu	عُلُومُ ʕulūmu
accusative	عُلُومًا ʕulūman	الْعُلُومَ al-ʕulūma	عُلُومَ ʕulūma
genitive	عُلُومٍ ʕulūmin	الْعُلُومِ al-ʕulūmi	عُلُومِ ʕulūmi

Hyponyms

(knowledge): عِلْمُ الْحَاسُوبْ (ʕilmu l-ḥāsūb)

Descendants

Maltese: għelm
→ Avar: гӏелму (ʻelmu)
→ Azerbaijani: elm
→ Bashkir: ғилем (ğilem)
→ Bengali: এলেম (elem)
→ Chechen: ӏилм (ˀilm), ӏилма (ˀilma)
→ Crimean Tatar: илим, ilim
→ Hindi: इल्म (ilm)
→ Indonesian: ilmu
→ Javanese: èlmu
→ Karachay-Balkar: илму (ilmu)
→ Kazakh: ғылым (ğylym)
→ Kumyk: илму (ilmu)
→ Kyrgyz: илим (ilim)
→ Lezgi: илим (ilim)
→ Malay: ilmu
→ Nogai: илми (ilmi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
- > Turkish: ilim (inherited)
→ Punjabi: ਇਲਮ (ilam), عِلْم (ʻilm)
→ Persian: عِلْم ('elm)
- → Gujarati: અલમ (alam)
→ Swahili: elimu
→ Turkmen: ylym
→ Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem), ğilem
→ Urdu: عِلْم ('ilm)
→ Uyghur: ئىلىم (ilim)
→ Uzbek: ilm

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))

sign, token, mark, badge
harelip
road sign, guidepost
flag, banner
authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
a mountain
أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَم
ʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalam
very famous
(literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
  وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ
  wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(grammar, linguistics) proper noun

Declension

Declension of noun **عَلَم** (ʕalam)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَلَم ʕalam	الْعَلَم al-ʕalam	عَلَم ʕalam
nominative	عَلَمٌ ʕalamun	الْعَلَمُ al-ʕalamu	عَلَمُ ʕalamu
accusative	عَلَمًا ʕalaman	الْعَلَمَ al-ʕalama	عَلَمَ ʕalama
genitive	عَلَمٍ ʕalamin	الْعَلَمِ al-ʕalami	عَلَمِ ʕalami
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	عَلَمَيْن ʕalamayn	الْعَلَمَيْن al-ʕalamayn	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
nominative	عَلَمَانِ ʕalamāni	الْعَلَمَانِ al-ʕalamāni	عَلَمَا ʕalamā
accusative	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
genitive	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām	الْأَعْلَام al-ʔaʕlām	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām
nominative	أَعْلَامٌ ʔaʕlāmun	الْأَعْلَامُ al-ʔaʕlāmu	أَعْلَامُ ʔaʕlāmu
accusative	أَعْلَامًا ʔaʕlāman	الْأَعْلَامَ al-ʔaʕlāma	أَعْلَامَ ʔaʕlāma
genitive	أَعْلَامٍ ʔaʕlāmin	الْأَعْلَامِ al-ʔaʕlāmi	أَعْلَامِ ʔaʕlāmi

Descendants

Maltese: għelm
→ Hindi: अलम (alam)
→ Ottoman Turkish: عَلَم (ʿalam, ʿalem)
- > Turkish: alem (inherited)
→ Urdu: عَلَم ('alam)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lam/

Noun

عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m

Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕələm/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (before il- عَلَم (ʕalam), plural اَعْلام (aʕlām))

flag, banner, standard

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلوم (ʕulūm))

science, knowledge

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʔilm/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔelm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ilm
Dari reading^?	ilm
Iranian reading^?	elm
Tajik reading^?	ilm

Noun


Iranian Persian	علم
Dari	علم
Tajik	илм

عِلْم • ('elm) (plural علوم ('olum))

science (knowledge via the scientific method)
knowledge, science
Synonym: دانش (dâneš)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3461:
  بینی اندر دل علوم انبیا / بی‌کتاب و بی‌معید و اوستا
  bini andar del 'olum-e anbiyâ / bi-ketâb o bi-mo'id o ustâ
  And behold within thy heart [all] the sciences of the prophets, without book and without preceptor and master.

Derived terms

شبه‌علم (šabe'elmi, “pseudoscience”)
علمی ('elmi, “scientific”)

Related terms

عالم ('âlem, “knowledgeable”)
معلم (mo'allem, “teacher”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔa.ˈlam/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.lǽm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	alam
Dari reading^?	alam
Iranian reading^?	alam
Tajik reading^?	alam

Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) (plural علم‌ها)

Synonyms

پرچم (parčam)
درفش (derafš)
نشان (nešân)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: અલમ (alam)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م
7 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
Audio (al-Lidd): (file)

Verb

علّم • (ʕallam) II (present بعلّم (biʕallem))

to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of **علم**
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّم (ʕallam)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
past	f	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمتي (ʕallamti)	علّمت (ʕallamat)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
present	m	بعلّم (baʕallim)	بتعلّم (bitʕallim)	بعلّم (biʕallim)	منعلّم (minʕallim)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
present	f	بعلّم (baʕallim)	بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi)	بتعلّم (bitʕallim)	منعلّم (minʕallim)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
subjunctive	m	اعلّم (aʕallim)	تعلّم (tʕallim)	يعلّم (yʕallim)	نعلّم (nʕallim)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
subjunctive	f	اعلّم (aʕallim)	تعلّمي (tʕallmi)	تعلّم (tʕallim)	نعلّم (nʕallim)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
imperative	m		علّم (ʕallim)			علّمو (ʕallmu)
imperative	f		علّمي (ʕallmi)			علّمو (ʕallmu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))

knowledge, science
Synonym: معرفة (maʕrife)

على علمي ― ʕala ʕilmi ― as far as I know

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))

flag

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)

knowledge, learning
Synonym: دانش (dāniś)
science
Synonym: سائنس (sāins)
literature
Synonym: ادب (adab)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ə.ləm/

Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)