alam

Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).

alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)

1. inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing

Declension of alam (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		alam	alamad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	alama
genitive			alamate
partitive		alamat	alamaid
illative		alamasse	alamatesse alamaisse
inessive		alamas	alamates alamais
elative		alamast	alamatest alamaist
allative		alamale	alamatele alamaile
adessive		alamal	alamatel alamail
ablative		alamalt	alamatelt alamailt
translative		alamaks	alamateks alamaiks
terminative		alamani	alamateni
essive		alamana	alamatena
abessive		alamata	alamateta
comitative		alamaga	alamatega

• alam-

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔa.lɐm]
• Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

alam (Hanunoo spelling ᜠᜮᜫ᜴)

1. knowledge; understanding; comprehension

   Magkaalaman yi niko.

   I know.

• Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 24

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• Hyphenation: a‧lam
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔa.lam]

álam

1. knowledge, learning

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈalam/ [ˈa.lam]
• Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

Inherited from Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم (alam), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).^[1]

alam (plural alam-alam)

1. universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself
2. nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design

   Synonym: semula jadi (Standard Malay)

3. world

   Synonym: dunia

4. realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king

   Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).^[2]

alam

1. banner, standard

   Synonyms: bendera, panji

2. an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura

• “alam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

alam

1. bird

alam

1. down

• ālam: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.ɫãː]
• ālam: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.lam]
• alam: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈa.ɫãː]
• alam: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.lam]

ālam f

1. accusative singular of āla

alam

1. inflection of alō:
   1. first-person singular future active indicative
   2. first-person singular present active subjunctive

From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• IPA^(key): /ˈalam/ [ˈa.lam]
• Rhymes: -am
• Hyphenation: a‧lam

alam (Jawi spelling عالم, plural alam-alam)

1. realm, world
2. field (of interest)
3. (biology, taxonomy) kingdom: A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

   Synonym: kerajaan (Indonesian)

• → Hanunoo: alam
• → Hiligaynon: alam
• → Indonesian: alam
• → Tagalog: alam

• “alam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

alam

1. herd, flock

alam

1. third-person plural present indicative of alar

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/). Compare Bikol Central aram.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlam/ [ʔɐˈlam] (noun; adjective)
    • Rhymes: -am
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔaː.lɐm] (now uncommon) (noun)
    • Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

alám or alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

1. knowledge; learning; wisdom

   Synonyms: talino, dunong

2. understanding; sense

   Synonym: unawa

3. involvement; participation
4. (obsolete) goodwill; kindheartedness

   Synonyms: bait, mabuting-loob

   Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.

   The kindness of your heart is too great.

5. (obsolete) gentleness; meekness

   Synonym: amo

6. (obsolete) affability

alám (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

1. known; familiar

   Synonyms: batid, lantad

2. aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible

   Synonyms: batid, tukoy

3. clear; understood

   Synonym: maliwanag

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/ [ˈʔaː.lɐm]
• Rhymes: -alam
• Syllabification: a‧lam

alam (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔) (now dialectal, Batangas)

1. granted permission to proceed

   Synonyms: pinahintulutan, pinayagan

• The sense is now used mostly in derived terms in Standard Tagalog.

• “alam”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[3] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎^[4], La Noble Villa de Pila
  • page 27: “Afabilidad) Alam (pp) y buena cõdiciõ”
  • page 96: “Auiſar) Alam (pc) haçiendo ſaver algo a alguno”
  • page 108: “Benignidad) Alam (pp) de coraçon”
  • page 108: “Benigno) Alam (pp) y manſo de coraçon”
  • page 110: “Bienacondicionado) Alam (pp) benigno y manſo”
  • page 124: “Buena condiçion) Alam (pp) y afable”
  • page 180: “Condiçion) Alam (pp) buena”
  • page 183: “Consorte) Alam (pp) en lo que hiço alguno, caalam, el tal conſorte”
  • page 214: “Dar) Alam [(pp)] licençia al que la pide”
  • page 244: “Deſpedirſe) Alam (pp) pidiendo licençia”
  • page 389: “Liçençia) Alam (pp) [pedir a] alguno para irſe”
  • page 406: “Manſedumbre) Alam (pp) interior y exterior”
  • page 406: “Manſo) Alam (pp) que de nada ſe altera”
  • page 444: “Noble) Alam (pp) de condiçion y bondad”
  • page 446: “Noſe) Alam (pp) loque [ſe me] pregunta”
  • page 472: “Pedir) Alam (pp) liçençia para irſe”
  • page 538: “Saber) Alam (pp) alguna coſa”
  • page 538: “Sabiduria) Alam [(pp)]”
  • page 602: “Voluntad) Alam (pp) buena”

• alma, Alma

Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.lam]

alam

1. world, universe

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From English alarm.

alam

1. alarm

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

alam (plural alamlar)

1. flag