جهان

Azerbaijani

Noun

جهان

Arabic spelling of cəhan

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Persian (jahân).

Noun

جهان • (cihan)

Related terms

جهان‌نما (cihan-numa)

Descendants

Turkish: cihan

Proper noun

جهان • (cihan)

a male given name, Jahan

Descendants

Turkish: Cihan

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “worldly creatures, world”),^[1] from Proto-Iranian *gayθānām, the genitive plural form of Proto-Iranian *gay-θā- (“living, existence”) (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬚𐬁- (gaēθā-, “world; creature”)),^[2] equivalent to Middle Persian [script needed] (gēh) +‎ [script needed] (ān), with the former component from Proto-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyH- (“to live”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).^[3]

The original meaning of the word in Old Iranian and Middle Persian was (worldly) creatures, but the term in late Middle Persian and in Modern Persian came to mean ‘world’ in general.

Doublet of (keyhân).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ˈhaːn/, /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jahān, jihān
Dari reading^?	jahān
Iranian reading^?	jahân
Tajik reading^?	jahon

Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun


Iranian Persian	جهان
Dari	جهان
Tajik	ҷаҳон

جهان • (jahân) (plural جهان‌ها)

world; universe
Synonyms: دنیا (donyâ), گیتی (giti), عالم (âlam)

― jahân-e âzâd ― the free world
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
  تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
  او بود مقصود جانش در جهان
  tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
  ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān
  […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

Alternative forms

گیهان (geyhân) (archaic)

Derived terms

جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
جهانگرد (jahângard)
جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
جهانی (jahâni)
جهان‌آرا (jahân-ârâ)
جهان‌آفرین (jahân-âfarin)
جهان‌بخش (jahân-baxš)
جهان‌بین (jahân-bin)
جهان‌دار (jahân-dâr)
جهان‌دیده (jahân-dide)
جهان‌شُمول (jahân-šomul)
جهان‌نما (jahân-namâ)
جهان‌وطن (jahân-vatan)
جهان‌پهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
جهان‌گشا (jahân-gošâ)
پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: cahan
→ Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
→ Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
→ Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
→ Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: जहान (jahān)

Urdu: جہان (jahān)
→ Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
→ Malay: johan
- Indonesian: johan
→ Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihan)
- Turkish: cihan
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)

Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)
→ Rohingya: jáhan
→ Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
→ Uzbek: jahon
→ Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

Proper noun

جهان • (jahân)

a male or female given name, Jahan

Descendants

→ Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
→ Malay: johan
- Indonesian: johan
→ Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
- Turkish: Cihan
→ Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)

Etymology 2

From (jeh, present stem of (jastan, “to leap”)) +‎ (-ân).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	jihān
Dari reading^?	jehān
Iranian reading^?	jehân
Tajik reading^?	jihon

Adjective

جهان • (jehân)

leaping; bounding
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:
  تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
  او بود مقصود جانش در جهان
  tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
  ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān
  […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

References

^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3

[1] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gēhān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 36

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 107-8

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 222-3

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