असुर
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit असुर (asura).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ə.sʊɾ/, [ɐ.sʊɾ]
Noun
असुर • (asur) m (Urdu spelling اسر)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | असुर asur |
असुर asur |
| oblique | असुर asur |
असुरों asurõ |
| vocative | असुर asur |
असुरो asuro |
Descendants
- → English: asur
See also
- राक्षस (rākṣas)
Pali
Alternative forms
Noun
असुर m
- Devanagari script form of asura
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- অসুৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬲᬸᬭ (Balinese script)
- অসুর (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰭𑰲𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀲𑀼𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- အသုရ (Burmese script)
- અસુર (Gujarati script)
- ਅਸੁਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌸𑍁𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦱꦸꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂮𑂳𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಸುರ (Kannada script)
- អសុរ (Khmer script)
- ອສຸຣ (Lao script)
- അസുര (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᠰ᠌ᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘭𑘳𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧍𑧔𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐳𑐸𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଅସୁର (Odia script)
- ꢂꢱꢸꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆱𑆶𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖭𑖲𑖨 (Siddham script)
- අසුර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑪁𑩒𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚨𑚰𑚤 (Takri script)
- அஸுர (Tamil script)
- అసుర (Telugu script)
- อสุร (Thai script)
- ཨ་སུ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒮𑒳𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨰𑨃𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hásuras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásuras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ń̥suros.
Related to असु (asu-), with several possible etymologies and meanings. In the context of asura conventionally associated with asu- in the sense of "master of the house". This meaning is not further narrowed by its etymology: cf. Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎 (ahu, “lord; life, existence”) and 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”), Hittite 𒈗 (ḫaššū, “king”), Old Norse æsir (“gods”) and Old English ōs (“god”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens- (“to engender, beget”).
The Brahmanas and the Puranas derive asura from another asu-, "breath", a cognate of which is found in Av. ahu-, "life, existence". In yet other post-Vedic Sanskrit literature, asura was back-formed as a-sura, "non-sura", with sura then associated with a group of gods who inhabit Indra's domain.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́.su.ɾɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐ.s̪u.ɾɐ/
Noun
असुर • (ásura) stem, m
- spirit, good spirit, supreme spirit (said of Varuna)
- the chief of the evil spirits
- an evil spirit, demon, ghost, opponent of the gods
- name of Rāhu
- the sun
- cloud
- (in the plural) name of a warrior-tribe
- name of a Vedic school
- zodiacal sign
- Sinapis ramosa (in later Sanskrit सुर (sura) has been formed from असुर (asura), as सित (sita), from असित (asita))
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | असुरः (ásuraḥ) | असुरौ (ásurau) असुरा¹ (ásurā¹) |
असुराः (ásurāḥ) असुरासः¹ (ásurāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | असुरम् (ásuram) | असुरौ (ásurau) असुरा¹ (ásurā¹) |
असुरान् (ásurān) |
| instrumental | असुरेण (ásureṇa) | असुराभ्याम् (ásurābhyām) | असुरैः (ásuraiḥ) असुरेभिः¹ (ásurebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | असुराय (ásurāya) | असुराभ्याम् (ásurābhyām) | असुरेभ्यः (ásurebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | असुरात् (ásurāt) | असुराभ्याम् (ásurābhyām) | असुरेभ्यः (ásurebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | असुरस्य (ásurasya) | असुरयोः (ásurayoḥ) | असुराणाम् (ásurāṇām) |
| locative | असुरे (ásure) | असुरयोः (ásurayoḥ) | असुरेषु (ásureṣu) |
| vocative | असुर (ásura) | असुरौ (ásurau) असुरा¹ (ásurā¹) |
असुराः (ásurāḥ) असुरासः¹ (ásurāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- आसुर (āsurá)
Descendants
- → Burmese: သုရာ (su.ra)
- → Chinese: 阿修羅 / 阿修罗 (āxiūluó)
- → Gujarati: અસુર (asur)
- → Hindi: असुर (asur)
- → English: asur
- → Khmer: អសុរ (ʼaʼsol)
- → Marathi: असुर (asur)
- → Punjabi: ਅਸੁਰ (asur)
- → Pali: asura
- → Russian: а́сура (ásura)
- → Tamil: அசுரன் (acuraṉ)
- → Telugu: అసురుడు (asuruḍu)
- → Thai: อสูร (à-sǔun), อสุร
- → Tocharian B: asūre
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “असुर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 121, column 1.