Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hásuras
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḿ̥suros, from *h₂ems- (“to engender, beget”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).
Noun
*Hásuras m
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *Hásuras | *Hásurā(w) | *Hásurās(as) |
| vocative | *Hásura | *Hásurā(w) | *Hásurās(as) |
| accusative | *Hásuram | *Hásurā(w) | *Hásurāns |
| instrumental | *HásuraH | *Hásuraybʰyā(m) | *Hásurāyš |
| ablative | *Hásurāt | *Hásuraybʰyā(m) | *Hásuraybʰyas |
| dative | *Hásurāy | *Hásuraybʰyā(m) | *Hásuraybʰyas |
| genitive | *Hásurasya | *Hásurayās | *HásurānaHam |
| locative | *Hásuray | *Hásurayaw | *Hásurayšu |
Coordinate terms
Usage notes
In the later descendant languages and religions, *Hásuras has become opposed to *daywás. So in the Iranian tradition, the reflexes of *Hásuras are used positively, while those of *daywás come to mean “demon, devil”. The opposite is true in the later Hindu tradition, but in its earliest source, the Rig Veda, both words are used interchangeably to refer to divinities, as is also the case with the Germanic cognates *ansuz and *tīwaz.
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hásuras
- Sanskrit: असुर (ásura) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *Háhurah
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”)
- → Proto-Uralic: *asera[1][2]
References
- ^ Parpola, Asko (2015) The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 114
- ^ Václav Blažek (2005) “Indo-Iranian elements in Fenno-Ugric mythological lexicon”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 110, number 1, , page 162
Further reading
- Joki, Aulis J. (1973) Uralier und Indogermanen [Uralians and Indo-Europeans] (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 151) (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN