Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tīwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”). Possibly attested as 𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (teiva) on the Negau helmet.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtiː.wɑz/

Noun

*tīwaz m

  1. deity, god
  2. (as a proper noun) Tyr, the Germanic god of war. Identified in later times with the Roman god Mars.
  3. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛏ (t)

Inflection

Declension of *tīwaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *tīwaz *tīwōz, *tīwōs
vocative *tīw *tīwōz, *tīwōs
accusative *tīwą *tīwanz
genitive *tīwas, *tīwis *tīwǫ̂
dative *tīwai *tīwamaz
instrumental *tīwō *tīwamiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *Tīw
    • Old English: Tīw, Tuu, Tīg, Tiig — Mercian
      • → English: Tiw
    • Old Frisian: Tii
    • Old High German: Ziu, *Zīw
  • Proto-Norse: ᛏᛁᚢᛦ (tīuʀ)
    • Old Norse: týr, Týr
      • Faroese: Týrur
      • Icelandic: týr, Týr
        • → Danish: Tyr
        • → Swedish: Tyr
        • → English: Tyr
      • Norwegian: Ty
      • Old Swedish: thir (runic name)
        • Swedish: ti, tir, tyr, tijr (dialectal, place names, runic name, archaism)
      • Danish: Ty, Ti (dialectal, place names)
    • Gothic: *𐍄𐌹𐌿𐍃 (*tius), *𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐍃 (*teiws) (uncertain interpretation of Latin transliteration tyz)

References

  1. ^ Markey, Tom (2001) “A Tale of Two Helmets: The Negau A and B Inscriptions”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies, volume 29, number 1/2, pages 69–172
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