आशा
See also: आशु
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā), Doublet of आस (ās). Cognate with Bengali আশা (aśa), Assamese আশা (axa), Manipuri ꯑꯥꯁꯥ (ʼāsā), and Odia ଆଶା (āśā).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɑː.ʃɑː/, [äː.ʃäː]
Noun
आशा • (āśā) f (Urdu spelling آشا)
- hope
- आशा करता हूँ कि आज बर्फ़ पड़ेगी।
- āśā kartā hū̃ ki āj barf paṛegī.
- [I] hope it will snow today.
- वे उसे फिर देखने की आशा में खड़े थे।
- ve use phir dekhne kī āśā mẽ khaṛe the.
- They were standing in the hope of seeing him again.
- expectation
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | आशा āśā |
आशाएँ āśāẽ |
| oblique | आशा āśā |
आशाओं āśāõ |
| vocative | आशा āśā |
आशाओ āśāo |
Synonyms
- उम्मीद (ummīd)
Derived terms
- आशावाद (āśāvād)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “आशा”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “आशा”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- “आशा”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “आशा”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “आशा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “आशा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā). Doublet of आस (ās).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /a.ɕa/
Noun
आशा • (āśā) f
Declension
| Declension of आशा (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
आशा āśā | ||
| direct plural |
आशा āśā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
आशा āśā |
आशा āśā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
आशे āśe |
आशां- āśān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
आशेला āśelā |
आशांना āśānnā | |
| ergative | आशेने, आशेनं āśene, āśena |
आशांनी āśānnī | |
| instrumental | आशेशी āśeśī |
आशांशी āśānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
आशेत āśet |
आशांत āśāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
आशे āśe |
आशांनो āśānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of आशा (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
आशेचा āśeċā |
आशेचे āśeċe |
आशेची āśecī |
आशेच्या āśecā |
आशेचे, आशेचं āśeċe, āśeċa |
आशेची āśecī |
आशेच्या āśecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
आशांचा āśānċā |
आशांचे āśānċe |
आशांची āśāñcī |
आशांच्या āśāncā |
आशांचे, आशांचं āśānċe, āśānċa |
आशांची āśāñcī |
आशांच्या āśāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- आशावाद (āśāvād, “optimism”)
- आशावादी (āśāvādī, “optimistic”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “आशा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- আশা (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬰᬵ (Balinese script)
- আশা (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰫𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀰𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- အာၐာ (Burmese script)
- આશા (Gujarati script)
- ਆਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌶𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦯꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂬𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಆಶಾ (Kannada script)
- អាឝា (Khmer script)
- ອາຨາ (Lao script)
- ആശാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᡧᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘫𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑧋𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐱𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଆଶା (Odia script)
- ꢃꢯꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆯𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖫𑖯 (Siddham script)
- ආශා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩿𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚧𑚭 (Takri script)
- ஆஶா (Tamil script)
- ఆశా (Telugu script)
- อาศา (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་ཤཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒬𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨮𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From earlier आशस् (āśás), from आ- (ā-) + शंस् (śaṃs).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑː.ɕɑ́ː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ɕɑː/
Noun
आशा • (āśā́) stem, f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आशा (āśā́) | आशे (āśé) | आशाः (āśā́ḥ) |
| accusative | आशाम् (āśā́m) | आशे (āśé) | आशाः (āśā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | आशया (āśáyā) आशा¹ (āśā́¹) |
आशाभ्याम् (āśā́bhyām) | आशाभिः (āśā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | आशायै (āśā́yai) | आशाभ्याम् (āśā́bhyām) | आशाभ्यः (āśā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आशायाः (āśā́yāḥ) आशायै² (āśā́yai²) |
आशाभ्याम् (āśā́bhyām) | आशाभ्यः (āśā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आशायाः (āśā́yāḥ) आशायै² (āśā́yai²) |
आशयोः (āśáyoḥ) | आशानाम् (āśā́nām) |
| locative | आशायाम् (āśā́yām) | आशयोः (āśáyoḥ) | आशासु (āśā́su) |
| vocative | आशे (ā́śe) | आशे (ā́śe) | आशाः (ā́śāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਆਸ (āsa)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲𑀸 (āsā)
- → Cebuano: asa
- → Gujarati: આશા (āśā)
- → Hindi: आशा (āśā)
- → Khmer: អាសា (ʼaasaa)
- → Lambadi: aasaa
- → Marathi: आशा (āśā)
- Marathi: आस (ās)
- → Malay: asa
- Indonesian: asa
- Pali: āsā
- → Thai: อาสา (aa-sǎa)
- → Tagalog: asa
- → Kannada: ಆಸೆ (āse)
- → Malayalam: ആശ (āśa)
- → Tamil: ஆசை (ācai)
- → Telugu: ఆశ (āśa)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ā́śā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ā́ćā ~ *aćas (“region, area”), perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (asah).[3]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɑ́ː.ɕɑː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɑː.ɕɑː/
Noun
आशा • (ā́śā) stem, f
- a celestial quarter of the heavens
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आशा (ā́śā) | आशे (ā́śe) | आशाः (ā́śāḥ) |
| accusative | आशाम् (ā́śām) | आशे (ā́śe) | आशाः (ā́śāḥ) |
| instrumental | आशया (ā́śayā) आशा¹ (ā́śā¹) |
आशाभ्याम् (ā́śābhyām) | आशाभिः (ā́śābhiḥ) |
| dative | आशायै (ā́śāyai) | आशाभ्याम् (ā́śābhyām) | आशाभ्यः (ā́śābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आशायाः (ā́śāyāḥ) आशायै² (ā́śāyai²) |
आशाभ्याम् (ā́śābhyām) | आशाभ्यः (ā́śābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आशायाः (ā́śāyāḥ) आशायै² (ā́śāyai²) |
आशयोः (ā́śayoḥ) | आशानाम् (ā́śānām) |
| locative | आशायाम् (ā́śāyām) | आशयोः (ā́śayoḥ) | आशासु (ā́śāsu) |
| vocative | आशे (ā́śe) | आशे (ā́śe) | आशाः (ā́śāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “āvŕt- - āśíṣ-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 178
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śaṁyú- - ŚAṀS”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 599
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations[3], Helsinki, page 8