कुमार
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /kʊ.mɑːɾ/, [kʊ.mäːɾ]
Noun
कुमार • (kumār) m (feminine कुमारी)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | कुमार kumār |
कुमार kumār |
| oblique | कुमार kumār |
कुमारों kumārõ |
| vocative | कुमार kumār |
कुमारो kumāro |
Proper noun
कुमार • (kumār) m
- a male given name, Kumar, from Sanskrit
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | कुमार kumār |
कुमार kumār |
| oblique | कुमार kumār |
कुमारों kumārõ |
| vocative | कुमार kumār |
कुमारो kumāro |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
- কুমাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬸᬫᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- কুমার (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰲𑰦𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ကုမာရ (Burmese script)
- કુમાર (Gujarati script)
- ਕੁਮਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦸꦩꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂳𑂧𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಕುಮಾರ (Kannada script)
- កុមារ (Khmer script)
- ກຸມາຣ (Lao script)
- കുമാര (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡠᠮᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠤᠮᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧔𑧆𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- କୁମାର (Odia script)
- ꢒꢸꢪꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆶𑆩𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖲𑖦𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- කුමාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩒𑩴𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚰𑚢𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- குமார (Tamil script)
- కుమార (Telugu script)
- กุมาร (Thai script)
- ཀུ་མཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒳𑒧𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨃𑨢𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (“tender, young”) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian کودک (kudak, “child”), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (“small, weak”) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, “cub, whelp”), Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), and Latvian kumeļš (“foal”). Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, “intensifying prefix”) + a form of म्लै (mlai, “to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted”). Finally, Kuiper considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ku.mɑː.ɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ku.mɑː.ɾɐ/
Noun
कुमार • (kumārá) stem, m
- a child, boy, youth
- a son
- prince, heir apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch
- a groom
Usage notes
Used as another name for कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya, “Hindu god of war”).
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कुमारः (kumāráḥ) | कुमारौ (kumāraú) कुमारा¹ (kumārā́¹) |
कुमाराः (kumārā́ḥ) कुमारासः¹ (kumārā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | कुमारम् (kumārám) | कुमारौ (kumāraú) कुमारा¹ (kumārā́¹) |
कुमारान् (kumārā́n) |
| instrumental | कुमारेण (kumāréṇa) | कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām) | कुमारैः (kumāraíḥ) कुमारेभिः¹ (kumārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | कुमाराय (kumārā́ya) | कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām) | कुमारेभ्यः (kumārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कुमारात् (kumārā́t) | कुमाराभ्याम् (kumārā́bhyām) | कुमारेभ्यः (kumārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कुमारस्य (kumārásya) | कुमारयोः (kumāráyoḥ) | कुमाराणाम् (kumārā́ṇām) |
| locative | कुमारे (kumāré) | कुमारयोः (kumāráyoḥ) | कुमारेषु (kumāréṣu) |
| vocative | कुमार (kúmāra) | कुमारौ (kúmārau) कुमारा¹ (kúmārā¹) |
कुमाराः (kúmārāḥ) कुमारासः¹ (kúmārāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Assamese: কোঁৱৰ (kü̃or)
- → Khmer: កុមារ (ko’maa)
- → Malayalam: കുമാരൻ (kumāraṉ)
- → Punjabi: ਕੁਮਾਰ (kumār) (learned)
- → Tamil: குமாரன் (kumāraṉ)
- → Telugu: కుమారుడు (kumāruḍu)
- → Thai: กุมาร (gù-maan)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “कुमार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 292/1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 368-9
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 232-3
- Charles Rockwell Lanman (1920) A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes