कूल
Kurukh
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kuːl]
Noun
कूल (kūl)
References
- Hahn, Ferb (1903) “कूल”, in Kurukh Orao English dictionary[1], Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, page 92
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কূল (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
- কূল (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
- ကူလ (Burmese script)
- કૂલ (Gujarati script)
- ਕੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
- ಕೂಲ (Kannada script)
- កូល (Khmer script)
- ກູລ (Lao script)
- കൂല (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
- କୂଲ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
- කූල (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
- கூல (Tamil script)
- కూల (Telugu script)
- กูล (Thai script)
- ཀཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Of unclear origin, with many theories proposed:
- Frei derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *kḷH-Ho-, from *kel- (“to drive”), and compares with Latin celer (“quick”). Mayrhofer seems to favor this derivation.
- From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) and cognate with Latin cūlus (“posterior, buttocks; anus”) and Old Irish cúl (“back; rear”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-(l)o-m, from *kelH- (“to rise; hill”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not mentioned by Mayrhofer, but it's on the reconstruction page. Could it be sourced?”)
- Borrowed from Dravidian *kūl- (“to fall down; to sink”), and compared with Kannada ಕೂಲು (kūlu, “to fall down, be overturned”), Tamil குலை (kulai). Compare Proto-South Dravidian *kuḷ- (“lake”). However, considering the Sanskrit word's Vedic presence, a borrowing is uncertain.
- Related to Proto-Iranian *káwfš (“hill, mountain”), whence Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (kaufa, “mountain”). This is phonetically untenable.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /kuː.lɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /kuː.l̪ɐ/
Noun
कूल • (kūla) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | कूलम् (kūlam) | कूले (kūle) | कूलानि (kūlāni) कूला¹ (kūlā¹) |
| accusative | कूलम् (kūlam) | कूले (kūle) | कूलानि (kūlāni) कूला¹ (kūlā¹) |
| instrumental | कूलेन (kūlena) | कूलाभ्याम् (kūlābhyām) | कूलैः (kūlaiḥ) कूलेभिः¹ (kūlebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | कूलाय (kūlāya) | कूलाभ्याम् (kūlābhyām) | कूलेभ्यः (kūlebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | कूलात् (kūlāt) | कूलाभ्याम् (kūlābhyām) | कूलेभ्यः (kūlebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | कूलस्य (kūlasya) | कूलयोः (kūlayoḥ) | कूलानाम् (kūlānām) |
| locative | कूले (kūle) | कूलयोः (kūlayoḥ) | कूलेषु (kūleṣu) |
| vocative | कूल (kūla) | कूले (kūle) | कूलानि (kūlāni) कूला¹ (kūlā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “कूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 387
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 255