क्षुर

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

क्षुरी f (kṣúrī)

Alternative scripts

ক্ষুৰ (Assamese script)
ᬓ᭄ᬱᬸᬭ (Balinese script)
ক্ষুর (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀼𑀭 (Brahmi script)
က္ၑုရ (Burmese script)
ક્ષુર (Gujarati script)
ਕ੍ਸ਼ੁਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍁𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦏ꧀ꦰꦸꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂳𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಕ್ಷುರ (Kannada script)
ក្ឞុរ (Khmer script)
ກ຺ຩຸຣ (Lao script)
ക്ഷുര (Malayalam script)
ᡬᢢᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘳𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢉᢔᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧔𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐸𑐬 (Newa script)
କ୍ଷୁର (Odia script)
ꢒ꣄ꢰꢸꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆶𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖲𑖨 (Siddham script)
ක්‍ෂුර (Sinhalese script)
𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩒𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚶𑚰𑚤 (Takri script)
க்ஷுர (Tamil script)
క్షుర (Telugu script)
กฺษุร (Thai script)
ཀྵུ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒳𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨃𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kes-

Proto-Indo-European *ksew-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás

Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás (“razor, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ksu-ró-s (“razor”), from *ksew- (“to scrape, shave”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ξῠρόν (xŭrón, “razor”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂu.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kʂu.ɾɐ/

Noun

क्षुर • (kṣurá) stem, m

a razor
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.4.14:
  सं नः शिशीहि भुरिजोरिव क्षुरं रास्व रायो विमोचन ।
  saṃ naḥ śiśīhi bhurijoriva kṣuraṃ rāsva rāyo vimocana.
  Sharpen us like a razor in the barber's hands: send riches thou who settest free.
a razor-like barb or a sharp blade attached to an arrow

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of क्षुर
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	क्षुरः (kṣuráḥ)	क्षुरौ (kṣuraú) क्षुरा¹ (kṣurā́¹)	क्षुराः (kṣurā́ḥ) क्षुरासः¹ (kṣurā́saḥ¹)
accusative	क्षुरम् (kṣurám)	क्षुरौ (kṣuraú) क्षुरा¹ (kṣurā́¹)	क्षुरान् (kṣurā́n)
instrumental	क्षुरेण (kṣuréṇa)	क्षुराभ्याम् (kṣurā́bhyām)	क्षुरैः (kṣuraíḥ) क्षुरेभिः¹ (kṣurébhiḥ¹)
dative	क्षुराय (kṣurā́ya)	क्षुराभ्याम् (kṣurā́bhyām)	क्षुरेभ्यः (kṣurébhyaḥ)
ablative	क्षुरात् (kṣurā́t)	क्षुराभ्याम् (kṣurā́bhyām)	क्षुरेभ्यः (kṣurébhyaḥ)
genitive	क्षुरस्य (kṣurásya)	क्षुरयोः (kṣuráyoḥ)	क्षुराणाम् (kṣurā́ṇām)
locative	क्षुरे (kṣuré)	क्षुरयोः (kṣuráyoḥ)	क्षुरेषु (kṣuréṣu)
vocative	क्षुर (kṣúra)	क्षुरौ (kṣúrau) क्षुरा¹ (kṣúrā¹)	क्षुराः (kṣúrāḥ) क्षुरासः¹ (kṣúrāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Awadhi: छूरा (chūrā)
Dardic:
- Dameli: [script needed] (c̣huri)
- Domaaki: [script needed] (čuri)
- Kalami: [script needed] (c̣hur)
- Kalasha: [script needed] (c̣hūři)
- Kashmiri: [script needed] (khūru)
- Phalura: c̣huúr
- Shina: [script needed] (c̣ūr)
- Torwali: [script needed] (c̣hū)
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: සිරිය (siriya)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Assamese: ছুৰী (suri)
- Bengali: ছুরা (chura), ছুরি (churi)
- Bihari: छूरा (chūrā)
  - Maithili: छूरा (chūrā), छूरी (chūrī)
  - Bhojpuri: छूरा (chūrā)
- Odia: ଛୁରା (churā), ଛୁରୀ (churi)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Old Marathi: सुरा (surā), सुरी (surī)
  - Marathi: सुरा (surā), सुरी (surī)
Pali: khura
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Garhwali: छुरी (churī)
- Gujarati: છરો (charo), છરી (charī)
- Hindi: छुरा (churā), छुरी (churī)
- Kumaoni: छुरो (churo), छुरी (churī)
- Nepali: छुरा (churā)
- Punjabi: ਛੁਰਾ (churā), ਛੁਰੀ (churī)
- Romani: ćhuri, churi, shuri (Anglicized), ćhurik, ćuri, śuri (International Standard), čhuri, čuri, šuri (Pan-Vlax)
  - Tavringer Romani: tjuro, tjuring
    - → Swedish: tjuring
  - Romanian: șuriu
  - French: surin
    - → French: suriner
  - Traveller Norwegian: kjuring
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: kjuring
- Sindhi: छुरी (churī)
→ Telugu: క్షురము (kṣuramu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “क्षुर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 331/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 435-6
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kṣurá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press