गन्धर्व
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গন্ধৰ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ (Balinese script)
- গন্ধর্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰡𑰿𑰠𑰨𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀥𑀭𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ဂန္ဓရွ (Burmese script)
- ગન્ધર્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਨ੍ਧਰ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌨𑍍𑌧𑌰𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦤ꧀ꦣꦂꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂢𑂹𑂡𑂩𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಗನ್ಧರ್ವ (Kannada script)
- គន្ធវ៌ (Khmer script)
- ຄນ຺ຘຣ຺ວ (Lao script)
- ഗന്ധര്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᠨᢡᠠᡵᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘡𑘿𑘠𑘨𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᠨᢑᠾᠠᠷᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧁𑧠𑧀𑧈𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐢𑐬𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଗନ୍ଧର୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢥ꣄ꢤꢬ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆤𑇀𑆣𑆫𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖡𑖿𑖠𑖨𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ගන්ධර්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩯 𑪙𑩮𑩼 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚝𑚶𑚜𑚤𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- க³ந்த⁴ர்வ (Tamil script)
- గన్ధర్వ (Telugu script)
- คนฺธรฺว (Thai script)
- ག་ནྡྷ་རྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒢𑓂𑒡𑒩𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨝𑩇𑨜𑨫𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdərəβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdarəβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/
Noun
गन्धर्व • (gandharvá) stem, m
- (Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.86.36:
- स॒प्त स्वसा॑रो अ॒भि मा॒तरः॒ शिशुं॒ नवं॑ जज्ञा॒नं जेन्यं॑ विप॒श्चित॑म् ।
अ॒पां ग॑न्ध॒र्वं दि॒व्यं नृ॒चक्ष॑सं॒ सोमं॒ विश्व॑स्य॒ भुव॑नस्य रा॒जसे॑ ॥- saptá svásāro abhí mātáraḥ śíśuṃ návaṃ jajñānáṃ jényaṃ vipaścítam.
apā́ṃ gandharváṃ divyáṃ nṛcákṣasaṃ sómaṃ víśvasya bhúvanasya rājáse. - The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the noble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,
Gandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, that he may reign as King of all the world.
- saptá svásāro abhí mātáraḥ śíśuṃ návaṃ jajñānáṃ jényaṃ vipaścítam.
- स॒प्त स्वसा॑रो अ॒भि मा॒तरः॒ शिशुं॒ नवं॑ जज्ञा॒नं जेन्यं॑ विप॒श्चित॑म् ।
- (figurative) a skilled singer, bard
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.11.20:
- नटनर्तकगन्धर्वाः सूत मागध वन्दिनः ।
गायन्ति चोत्तमश्लोक चरितानि अद्भुतानि च ॥- naṭanartakagandharvāḥ sūta māgadha vandinaḥ.
gāyanti cottamaśloka caritāni adbhutāni ca.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- naṭanartakagandharvāḥ sūta māgadha vandinaḥ.
- नटनर्तकगन्धर्वाः सूत मागध वन्दिनः ।
- a sage, religious man
- horse
- Synonym: अश्व (áśva)
- a male given name
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गन्धर्वः (gandharváḥ) | गन्धर्वौ (gandharvaú) गन्धर्वा¹ (gandharvā́¹) |
गन्धर्वाः (gandharvā́ḥ) गन्धर्वासः¹ (gandharvā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | गन्धर्वम् (gandharvám) | गन्धर्वौ (gandharvaú) गन्धर्वा¹ (gandharvā́¹) |
गन्धर्वान् (gandharvā́n) |
| instrumental | गन्धर्वेण (gandharvéṇa) | गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (gandharvā́bhyām) | गन्धर्वैः (gandharvaíḥ) गन्धर्वेभिः¹ (gandharvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गन्धर्वाय (gandharvā́ya) | गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (gandharvā́bhyām) | गन्धर्वेभ्यः (gandharvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गन्धर्वात् (gandharvā́t) | गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (gandharvā́bhyām) | गन्धर्वेभ्यः (gandharvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गन्धर्वस्य (gandharvásya) | गन्धर्वयोः (gandharváyoḥ) | गन्धर्वाणाम् (gandharvā́ṇām) |
| locative | गन्धर्वे (gandharvé) | गन्धर्वयोः (gandharváyoḥ) | गन्धर्वेषु (gandharvéṣu) |
| vocative | गन्धर्व (gándharva) | गन्धर्वौ (gándharvau) गन्धर्वा¹ (gándharvā¹) |
गन्धर्वाः (gándharvāḥ) गन्धर्वासः¹ (gándharvāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- गान्धर्व (gāndharvá)
Descendants
- Pali: gandhabba
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)
- → Old Javanese: gandharwa
- Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
- → Indonesian: gêndêruwo
- → Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)
- Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गन्धर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 346, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “gandharvá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 462
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gandharvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 215