अश्व
See also: अश्वा
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /əʃ.ʋᵊ/, [ɐʃ.ʋᵊ]
Noun
अश्व • (aśva) m (Urdu spelling اشو)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | अश्व aśva |
अश्व aśva |
| oblique | अश्व aśva |
अश्वों aśvõ |
| vocative | अश्व aśva |
अश्वो aśvo |
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva, “horse”), through Old Marathi 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (aśva, “horse”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /əɕ.ʋə/
Noun
अश्व • (aśva) m
Declension
| Declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
अश्व aśva | ||
| direct plural |
अश्व aśva | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
अश्व aśva |
अश्व aśva | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
अश्वा aśvā |
अश्वां- aśvān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
अश्वाला aśvālā |
अश्वांना aśvānnā | |
| ergative | अश्वाने, अश्वानं aśvāne, aśvāna |
अश्वांनी aśvānnī | |
| instrumental | अश्वाशी aśvāśī |
अश्वांशी aśvānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
अश्वात aśvāt |
अश्वांत aśvāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
अश्वा aśvā |
अश्वांनो aśvānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of अश्व (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
अश्वाचा aśvāċā |
अश्वाचे aśvāċe |
अश्वाची aśvācī |
अश्वाच्या aśvācā |
अश्वाचे, अश्वाचं aśvāċe, aśvāċa |
अश्वाची aśvācī |
अश्वाच्या aśvācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
अश्वांचा aśvānċā |
अश्वांचे aśvānċe |
अश्वांची aśvāñcī |
अश्वांच्या aśvāncā |
अश्वांचे, अश्वांचं aśvānċe, aśvānċa |
अश्वांची aśvāñcī |
अश्वांच्या aśvāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- अश्वगंधा (aśvagandhā)
- अश्वगती (aśvagtī)
- अश्वगुण (aśvaguṇ)
- अश्वचिकित्सा (aśvacikitsā)
- अश्वपती (aśvaptī)
- अश्वपरीक्षा (aśvaprīkṣā)
- अश्वभार (aśvabhār)
- अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)
- अश्ववैद्य (aśvavaidya)
- अश्वशाला (aśvaśālā)
References
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “अश्व”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “अश्व”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अश्व (aśva).
Noun
अश्व • (aśva) m
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- অশ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬅᬰ᭄ᬯ (Balinese script)
- অশ্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰫𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- အၐွ (Burmese script)
- અશ્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਸ਼੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌅𑌶𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦯ꧀ꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂃𑂬𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಅಶ್ವ (Kannada script)
- អឝ្វ (Khmer script)
- ອຨ຺ວ (Lao script)
- അശ്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᠠᡧᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠠᠱᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦠𑧋𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐱𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଅଶ୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢂꢯ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆯𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖫𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- අශ්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩿 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚀𑚧𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- அஶ்வ (Tamil script)
- అశ్వ (Telugu script)
- อศฺว (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཤྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒬𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨮𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɐɕ.ʋɐ/
Noun
अश्व • (áśva) stem, m
- horse, stallion
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.57.1:
- क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि ।
गाम्अश्वं॑ पोषयि॒त्न्वा स नो॑ मृळाती॒दृशे॑ ॥- kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi.
gā́máśvaṃ poṣayitnvā́ sá no mṛḷātīdṛ́śe. - With the master of the field, our friend, we triumph; may he bestow upon us cattle, horses, nourishment, for by such gifts he makes us happy
- kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi.
- क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि ।
- (chess) knight
- the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)
- Sagittarius
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | अश्वः (áśvaḥ) | अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹) |
अश्वाः (áśvāḥ) अश्वासः¹ (áśvāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | अश्वम् (áśvam) | अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹) |
अश्वान् (áśvān) |
| instrumental | अश्वेन (áśvena) | अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām) | अश्वैः (áśvaiḥ) अश्वेभिः¹ (áśvebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | अश्वाय (áśvāya) | अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām) | अश्वेभ्यः (áśvebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | अश्वात् (áśvāt) | अश्वाभ्याम् (áśvābhyām) | अश्वेभ्यः (áśvebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | अश्वस्य (áśvasya) | अश्वयोः (áśvayoḥ) | अश्वानाम् (áśvānām) |
| locative | अश्वे (áśve) | अश्वयोः (áśvayoḥ) | अश्वेषु (áśveṣu) |
| vocative | अश्व (áśva) | अश्वौ (áśvau) अश्वा¹ (áśvā¹) |
अश्वाः (áśvāḥ) अश्वासः¹ (áśvāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- अश्वक (aśvaká)
- अश्वति (aśvati)
- अश्वत्थ (aśvattha)
- अश्वत्थामन् (aśvatthāman)
- अश्वमेध (aśvamedhá)
- अश्वश्चन्द्र (áśvaścandra)
- अश्विन् (aśvin)
- स्वश्व (sváśva)
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)
- Pali: assa
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)
- Marwari: अस (as)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)
- → Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)
- → Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)
- → Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
- → Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)
- → Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)
- → Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)
- → Indonesian: aswa
- → Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)
- → Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)
- → Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)
- → Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)
- → Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ
- → Western Cham: اسايه
References
- “अ॑श्व” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 51, column 2.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “अश्व”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 033
- Monier Williams (1899) “अश्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0114, column 3.
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 090
- Alexander Lubotsky, A Rgvedic Word Concordance, American Oriental Society, 1997, lemma áśva
