गोप
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গোপ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᭀᬧ (Balinese script)
- গোপ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰺𑰢 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑁄𑀧 (Brahmi script)
- ဂေါပ (Burmese script)
- ગોપ (Gujarati script)
- ਗੋਪ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑍋𑌪 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦺꦴꦥ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂷𑂣 (Kaithi script)
- ಗೋಪ (Kannada script)
- គោប (Khmer script)
- ໂຄປ (Lao script)
- ഗോപ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠣᢒᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘻𑘢 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠣᠸᠠᢒᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧜𑧂 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑑀𑐥 (Newa script)
- ଗୋପ (Odia script)
- ꢔꣂꢦ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆾𑆥 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖺𑖢 (Siddham script)
- ගොප (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩕𑩰 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚴𑚞 (Takri script)
- கே³ாப (Tamil script)
- గోప (Telugu script)
- โคป (Thai script)
- གོ་པ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒼𑒣 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨆𑨞 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From गो (go, “cow; earth”) + -प (-pa, “protector”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡɐw.pɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡoː.pɐ/
- Hyphenation: गो‧प
Noun
गोप • (gopá) stem, m (feminine गोपी)
- cowherd, herdsman, milkman
- Synonym: गोपाल (gopāla)
- c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 2.112.15:
- सा च गोपी तेन गोपेन पुनः पृष्टोवाच अरे पाप को मां महासती विरूपयितुं समर्थः ।
- sā ca gopī tena gopena punaḥ pṛṣṭovāca are pāpa ko māṃ mahāsatī virūpayituṃ samarthaḥ.
- And that cowherdess, the highly virtuous woman, asked the cowherd, O wicked one, who has the power to defile me?
- सा च गोपी तेन गोपेन पुनः पृष्टोवाच अरे पाप को मां महासती विरूपयितुं समर्थः ।
- protector, guardian
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.62.9:
- यद्बंहि॑ष्ठं॒ नाति॒विधे॑ सुदानू॒ अच्छि॑द्रं॒ शर्म॑ भुवनस्य गोपा ।
तेन॑ नो मित्रावरुणावविष्टं॒ सिषा॑सन्तो जिगी॒वांसः॑ स्याम ॥- yádbáṃhiṣṭhaṃ nā́tivídhe sudānū ácchidraṃ śárma bhuvanasya gopā.
téna no mitrāvaruṇāvaviṣṭaṃ síṣāsanto jigīvā́ṃsaḥ syāma. - Bountiful guardians of the world! the shelter that is impenetrable, strongest, flawless, Aid us with that, O Varuṇa and Mitra, and when we long to win may we be victors.
- yádbáṃhiṣṭhaṃ nā́tivídhe sudānū ácchidraṃ śárma bhuvanasya gopā.
- यद्बंहि॑ष्ठं॒ नाति॒विधे॑ सुदानू॒ अच्छि॑द्रं॒ शर्म॑ भुवनस्य गोपा ।
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | गोपः (gopáḥ) | गोपौ (gopaú) गोपा¹ (gopā́¹) |
गोपाः (gopā́ḥ) गोपासः¹ (gopā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | गोपम् (gopám) | गोपौ (gopaú) गोपा¹ (gopā́¹) |
गोपान् (gopā́n) |
| instrumental | गोपेन (gopéna) | गोपाभ्याम् (gopā́bhyām) | गोपैः (gopaíḥ) गोपेभिः¹ (gopébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | गोपाय (gopā́ya) | गोपाभ्याम् (gopā́bhyām) | गोपेभ्यः (gopébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | गोपात् (gopā́t) | गोपाभ्याम् (gopā́bhyām) | गोपेभ्यः (gopébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | गोपस्य (gopásya) | गोपयोः (gopáyoḥ) | गोपानाम् (gopā́nām) |
| locative | गोपे (gopé) | गोपयोः (gopáyoḥ) | गोपेषु (gopéṣu) |
| vocative | गोप (gópa) | गोपौ (gópau) गोपा¹ (gópā¹) |
गोपाः (gópāḥ) गोपासः¹ (gópāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: gopa
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀯 (gova)
- Eastern:
- Odia: ଗୋଇ (goi)
- Insular:
- Dhivehi: ގޮވި (govi)
- Sinhalese: ගොවුවා (gowuwā), ගෙවියා (gewiyā)
- Eastern:
References
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “गोप”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 664
- Monier Williams (1899) “गोप”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 368.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “gopa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “गोप”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 86
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gopa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 230