घृणा
See also: घृण
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit घृणा (ghṛṇā́).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɡʱɾɪ.ɳɑː/, [ɡʱɾɪ.ɳäː]
Noun
घृणा • (ghŕṇā) f (Urdu spelling گھرنا)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | घृणा ghŕṇā |
घृणाएँ ghŕṇāẽ |
| oblique | घृणा ghŕṇā |
घृणाओं ghŕṇāõ |
| vocative | घृणा ghŕṇā |
घृणाओ ghŕṇāo |
Synonyms
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit घृणा (ghṛṇā́). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘑𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘜𑘰 (ghruṇā), 𑘑𑘿𑘨𑘳𑘜𑘰 (ghruṇā, “nausea, disgust”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʱɾu.ɳa/
Noun
घृणा • (ghruṇā) f
Declension
| Declension of घृणा (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
घृणा ghruṇā | ||
| direct plural |
घृणा ghŕṇā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
घृणा ghruṇā |
घृणा ghŕṇā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
घृणे ghŕṇe |
घृणां- ghŕṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
घृणेला ghŕṇelā |
घृणांना ghŕṇānnā | |
| ergative | घृणेने, घृणेनं ghŕṇene, ghŕṇena |
घृणांनी ghŕṇānnī | |
| instrumental | घृणेशी ghŕṇeśī |
घृणांशी ghŕṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
घृणेत ghŕṇet |
घृणांत ghŕṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
घृणे ghŕṇe |
घृणांनो ghŕṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of घृणा (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
घृणेचा ghŕṇeċā |
घृणेचे ghŕṇeċe |
घृणेची ghŕṇecī |
घृणेच्या ghŕṇecā |
घृणेचे, घृणेचं ghŕṇeċe, ghŕṇeċa |
घृणेची ghŕṇecī |
घृणेच्या ghŕṇecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
घृणांचा ghŕṇānċā |
घृणांचे ghŕṇānċe |
घृणांची ghŕṇāñcī |
घृणांच्या ghŕṇāncā |
घृणांचे, घृणांचं ghŕṇānċe, ghŕṇānċa |
घृणांची ghŕṇāñcī |
घृणांच्या ghŕṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “घृणा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “घ्रुणा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan
Sanskrit
Etymology
Feminine of घृण (ghṛná, “heat”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡʱr̩.ɳɑ́ː/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡʱr̩.ɳɑː/
Noun
घृणा • (ghṛṇā́) stem, f
- hatred
- Synonym: द्वेष (dvéṣa)
- disgust, contempt, aversion
- malice, ill-will
- compassion, tenderness
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृणा (ghṛṇā́) | घृणे (ghṛṇé) | घृणाः (ghṛṇā́ḥ) |
| accusative | घृणाम् (ghṛṇā́m) | घृणे (ghṛṇé) | घृणाः (ghṛṇā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | घृणया (ghṛṇáyā) घृणा¹ (ghṛṇā́¹) |
घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām) | घृणाभिः (ghṛṇā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | घृणायै (ghṛṇā́yai) | घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām) | घृणाभ्यः (ghṛṇā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृणायाः (ghṛṇā́yāḥ) घृणायै² (ghṛṇā́yai²) |
घृणाभ्याम् (ghṛṇā́bhyām) | घृणाभ्यः (ghṛṇā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृणायाः (ghṛṇā́yāḥ) घृणायै² (ghṛṇā́yai²) |
घृणयोः (ghṛṇáyoḥ) | घृणानाम् (ghṛṇā́nām) |
| locative | घृणायाम् (ghṛṇā́yām) | घृणयोः (ghṛṇáyoḥ) | घृणासु (ghṛṇā́su) |
| vocative | घृणे (ghṛ́ṇe) | घृणे (ghṛ́ṇe) | घृणाः (ghṛ́ṇāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Early Assamese:
- Assamese: ঘিণ (ghin)
- Bengali: ঘিন (ghin)
- Sylheti: ꠊꠤꠘ (gíno)
- Early Assamese:
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀡𑀸 (ghiṇā)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀡𑀸 (ghiṇā)
- → Old Punjabi:
- Punjabi: ਘਿਰਨਾ (ghirnā)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “घृणा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0379/1.