तपस्
See also: तापस
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তপস্ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬧᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- তপস্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰢𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀧𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- တပသ် (Burmese script)
- તપસ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਤਪਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑌪𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦥꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂣𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ತಪಸ್ (Kannada script)
- តបស៑ (Khmer script)
- ຕປສ຺ (Lao script)
- തപസ് (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠠᢒᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘢𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠠᢒᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧂𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐥𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- ତପସ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢦꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆥𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖢𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- තපස් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩰𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚞𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- தபஸ் (Tamil script)
- తపస్ (Telugu script)
- ตปสฺ (Thai script)
- ཏ་པ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒣𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨞𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tápas (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tépos, from *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Cognate with Persian تب (tab, “fever”), Latin tepeō. Equivalent to तप् (tap) + -अस् (-as).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɐ́.pɐs/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ɐ.pɐs̪/
Noun
तपस् • (tápas) stem, n (root तप्)
- warmth, heat
- pain, suffering
- religious austerity, bodily mortification, penance, severe meditation, special observance
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 15.44.30-31:
- ममापि न तथा राज्ञि राज्ये बुद्धिर्यथा पुरा ।
तपस्य्एवानुरक्तं मे मनः सर्वात्मना तथा ॥
शून्येयं च मही सर्वा न मे प्रीतिकरी शुभे ।- mamāpi na tathā rājñi rājye buddhiryathā purā.
tapasyevānuraktaṃ me manaḥ sarvātmanā tathā.
śūnyeyaṃ ca mahī sarvā na me prītikarī śubhe. - I too no longer care for kingship as once I did, O queen;
it is asceticism that now completely attracts my mind.
This entire earth seems empty now, fair lady, and causes me no pleasure.
- mamāpi na tathā rājñi rājye buddhiryathā purā.
- ममापि न तथा राज्ञि राज्ये बुद्धिर्यथा पुरा ।
- name of a month intervening between winter and spring
- name of the hot season
- name of the 9th lunar mansion (धर्म (dharma))
- name of a Kalpa period
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तपः (tápaḥ) | तपसी (tápasī) | तपांसि (tápāṃsi) |
| accusative | तपः (tápaḥ) | तपसी (tápasī) | तपांसि (tápāṃsi) |
| instrumental | तपसा (tápasā) | तपोभ्याम् (tápobhyām) | तपोभिः (tápobhiḥ) |
| dative | तपसे (tápase) | तपोभ्याम् (tápobhyām) | तपोभ्यः (tápobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तपसः (tápasaḥ) | तपोभ्याम् (tápobhyām) | तपोभ्यः (tápobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तपसः (tápasaḥ) | तपसोः (tápasoḥ) | तपसाम् (tápasām) |
| locative | तपसि (tápasi) | तपसोः (tápasoḥ) | तपःसु (tápaḥsu) |
| vocative | तपः (tápaḥ) | तपसी (tápasī) | तपांसि (tápāṃsi) |
Derived terms
- तपस्य (tapasyà)
- तपस्वत् (tápasvat)
- तपस्विन् (tapasvín)
- तापस (tāpasá)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “तपस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 437, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 624-5