तु
Garhwali
Etymology
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam). Cognates include Hindi तू (tū) and Nepali तँ (tã).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtʊ/
Pronoun
तु (tu)
References
- Anoop Chandra Chandola (1966) A Synthatic Sketch of Garhwali, University of Chicago press (PhD thesis), page 86
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- तू (tū́) — metrical variant
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তু (Assamese script)
- ᬢᬸ (Balinese script)
- তু (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑀼 (Brahmi script)
- တု (Burmese script)
- તુ (Gujarati script)
- ਤੁ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍁 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦸ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂳 (Kaithi script)
- ತು (Kannada script)
- តុ (Khmer script)
- ຕຸ (Lao script)
- തു (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᡠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘳 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠤ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑐸 (Newa script)
- ତୁ (Odia script)
- ꢡꢸ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆶 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖲 (Siddham script)
- තු (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩒 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚰 (Takri script)
- து (Tamil script)
- తు (Telugu script)
- ตุ (Thai script)
- ཏུ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
According to Mayrhofer, somehow related to Proto-Germanic *þau (“in that case”), from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”) + *-we (“or”) by early contraction.[1] Alternatively from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tú/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪u/
Particle
तु • (tú)[3]
- pray, I beg, do
- but
- and
- (Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya[2], Colombo, 2009:
- 8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ- 8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate - 8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below. - (literally, “8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools on the ground.”)
- 8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
- or
Usage notes
This particle is never found at the beginning of a sentence or verse. Some usages are:
- च ... न तु (ca ... na tu, “though ... still not”)
- न ... अपि तु (na ... api tu, “not ... but”)
- न च ... अपि तु (na ca ... api tu, “not ... but”)
- कामं ... अपि तु (kāmaṃ ... api tu, “though ... still”)
- कामं च ... अपि तु (kāmaṃ ca ... api tu, “though ... still”)
- कामं ... न तु (kāmaṃ ... na tu, “it is true ... but not”)
- भूयस् ... न तु (bhūyas ... na tu, “it is true ... but not”)
- वरं ... न तु (varaṃ ... na tu, “it is true ... but not”)
Derived terms
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 651
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 806
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “तु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449, column 3.