तोष
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit तोष (toṣa).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /t̪oːʂ/, [t̪oːʃ]
Noun
तोष • (toṣ) m
- (formal) satisfaction, contentment, delight
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | तोष toṣ |
तोष toṣ |
| oblique | तोष toṣ |
तोषों toṣõ |
| vocative | तोष toṣ |
तोषो toṣo |
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “तोष”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Platts, John T. (1884) “तोष”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- তোষ (Assamese script)
- ᬢᭀᬱ (Balinese script)
- তোষ (Bengali script)
- 𑰝𑰺𑰬 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀢𑁄𑀱 (Brahmi script)
- တောၑ (Burmese script)
- તોષ (Gujarati script)
- ਤੋਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌤𑍋𑌷 (Grantha script)
- ꦠꦺꦴꦰ (Javanese script)
- 𑂞𑂷𑂭 (Kaithi script)
- ತೋಷ (Kannada script)
- តោឞ (Khmer script)
- ໂຕຩ (Lao script)
- തോഷ (Malayalam script)
- ᢠᠣᢢᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘝𑘻𑘬 (Modi script)
- ᢐᠣᠸᠠᢔᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦽𑧜𑧌 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐟𑑀𑐲 (Newa script)
- ତୋଷ (Odia script)
- ꢡꣂꢰ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆠𑆾𑆰 (Sharada script)
- 𑖝𑖺𑖬 (Siddham script)
- තොෂ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩫𑩕𑪀 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚙𑚴 (Takri script)
- தோஷ (Tamil script)
- తోష (Telugu script)
- โตษ (Thai script)
- ཏོ་ཥ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒞𑒼𑒭 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨙𑨆𑨯 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *tews-os. By surface analysis, तुष् (tuṣ, “to be satisfied”, root) + -अ (-a).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tɐw.ʂɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪oː.ʂɐ/
Noun
तोष • (toṣa) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | तोषः (toṣaḥ) | तोषौ (toṣau) तोषा¹ (toṣā¹) |
तोषाः (toṣāḥ) तोषासः¹ (toṣāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | तोषम् (toṣam) | तोषौ (toṣau) तोषा¹ (toṣā¹) |
तोषान् (toṣān) |
| instrumental | तोषेण (toṣeṇa) | तोषाभ्याम् (toṣābhyām) | तोषैः (toṣaiḥ) तोषेभिः¹ (toṣebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | तोषाय (toṣāya) | तोषाभ्याम् (toṣābhyām) | तोषेभ्यः (toṣebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | तोषात् (toṣāt) | तोषाभ्याम् (toṣābhyām) | तोषेभ्यः (toṣebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | तोषस्य (toṣasya) | तोषयोः (toṣayoḥ) | तोषाणाम् (toṣāṇām) |
| locative | तोषे (toṣe) | तोषयोः (toṣayoḥ) | तोषेषु (toṣeṣu) |
| vocative | तोष (toṣa) | तोषौ (toṣau) तोषा¹ (toṣā¹) |
तोषाः (toṣāḥ) तोषासः¹ (toṣāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “तोष”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 456, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tōṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press