दृढ
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দৃঢ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬺᬠ (Balinese script)
- দৃঢ (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰴𑰛 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑀾𑀠 (Brahmi script)
- ဒၖဎ (Burmese script)
- દૃઢ (Gujarati script)
- ਦ੍ਰਢ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍃𑌢 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦽꦞ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑃂𑂛 (Kaithi script)
- ದೃಢ (Kannada script)
- ទ្ឫឍ (Khmer script)
- ທ຺ຣິຒ (Lao script)
- ദൃഢ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡵᡳᢟᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘵𑘛 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠷᠢᢎᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧖𑦻 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐺𑐝 (Newa script)
- ଦୃଢ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢺꢟ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆸𑆞 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖴𑖛 (Siddham script)
- දෘඪ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩙𑩩 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚗 (Takri script)
- த்³ரிட⁴ (Tamil script)
- దృఢ (Telugu script)
- ทฺฤฒ (Thai script)
- དྲྀ་ཌྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒵𑒜 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨼𑨉𑨗 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dr̥ẓḍʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥ždʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-tó-s (“strong, firm, hard”), from *dʰerǵʰ- (“to be firm, strong, tough, hard”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дръжати (drŭžati, “to hold”), Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, become tough”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (darəzaiieiti, “to attach”), English dry. The Sanskrit root is दृह् (dṛh) or दृंह् (dṛṃh).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /d̪r̩.ɖʱɐ/
Adjective
दृढ • (dṛḍhá) stem
- steadfast, firm, rigid
- strong, adamant, staunch
- hefty, sinewy
- resolute, determined, tenacious, persevering, steady
- confirmed, established, certain, sure
- hard-and-fast, dyed-in-the-wool
- difficult to be bent or broken
- whole, complete
- intense, violent, mighty
- (mathematics) reduced to the last term or smallest number by a common divisor
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दृढः (dṛḍhaḥ) | दृढौ (dṛḍhau) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ) दृढासः¹ (dṛḍhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | दृढम् (dṛḍham) | दृढौ (dṛḍhau) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
दृढान् (dṛḍhān) |
| instrumental | दृढेन (dṛḍhena) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ) दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām) |
| locative | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu) |
| vocative | दृढ (dṛḍha) | दृढौ (dṛḍhau) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ) दृढासः¹ (dṛḍhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दृढा (dṛḍhā) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ) |
| accusative | दृढाम् (dṛḍhām) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ) |
| instrumental | दृढया (dṛḍhayā) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढाभिः (dṛḍhābhiḥ) |
| dative | दृढायै (dṛḍhāyai) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढाभ्यः (dṛḍhābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दृढायाः (dṛḍhāyāḥ) दृढायै² (dṛḍhāyai²) |
दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढाभ्यः (dṛḍhābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दृढायाः (dṛḍhāyāḥ) दृढायै² (dṛḍhāyai²) |
दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām) |
| locative | दृढायाम् (dṛḍhāyām) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढासु (dṛḍhāsu) |
| vocative | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढाः (dṛḍhāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दृढम् (dṛḍham) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
| accusative | दृढम् (dṛḍham) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
| instrumental | दृढेन (dṛḍhena) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ) दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām) |
| locative | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu) |
| vocative | दृढ (dṛḍha) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀠 (daḍha)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀠 (diḍha)
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨡𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨝 (driḍha)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਦ੍ਰਿੜ (driṛ), ਦ੍ਰਿੜ੍ਹ (driṛh)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- → Hindi: दृढ़ (dŕṛh)
- → Bengali: দৃঢ় (driṛh)
Noun
दृढ • (dṛḍha) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दृढम् (dṛḍham) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
| accusative | दृढम् (dṛḍham) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
| instrumental | दृढेन (dṛḍhena) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढैः (dṛḍhaiḥ) दृढेभिः¹ (dṛḍhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दृढाय (dṛḍhāya) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दृढात् (dṛḍhāt) | दृढाभ्याम् (dṛḍhābhyām) | दृढेभ्यः (dṛḍhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दृढस्य (dṛḍhasya) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढानाम् (dṛḍhānām) |
| locative | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढयोः (dṛḍhayoḥ) | दृढेषु (dṛḍheṣu) |
| vocative | दृढ (dṛḍha) | दृढे (dṛḍhe) | दृढानि (dṛḍhāni) दृढा¹ (dṛḍhā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “दृढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 490, column 2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “DARH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 706-7