न्याय
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit न्याय (nyāya).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /njɑːj/, [njäːj]
Noun
न्याय • (nyāy) m (Urdu spelling نیائے)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | न्याय nyāy |
न्याय nyāy |
| oblique | न्याय nyāy |
न्यायों nyāyõ |
| vocative | न्याय nyāy |
न्यायो nyāyo |
Derived terms
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “न्याय”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 583
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ন্যায় (Assamese script)
- ᬦ᭄ᬬᬵᬬ (Balinese script)
- ন্যায় (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰯𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- နျာယ (Burmese script)
- ન્યાય (Gujarati script)
- ਨ੍ਯਾਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦾꦴꦪ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂰𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ನ್ಯಾಯ (Kannada script)
- ន្យាយ (Khmer script)
- ນ຺ຍາຍ (Lao script)
- ന്യായ (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠶᠠ᠊ᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠶ᠋ᠠᢗᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧑𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐫 (Newa script)
- ନ୍ଯାଯ (Odia script)
- ꢥ꣄ꢫꢵꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆳𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖯𑖧 (Siddham script)
- න්යාය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩛𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚭𑚣 (Takri script)
- ந்யாய (Tamil script)
- న్యాయ (Telugu script)
- นฺยาย (Thai script)
- ནྱཱ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒰𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨊𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Literally means "that into which a thing goes back"; ultimately formed from नि (ni, “back, into”) + इ (i, “to go”).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /njɑː.jɐ/, [j̃jɑː.jɐ]
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /n̪jɑː.jɐ/
Noun
न्याय • (nyāyá) stem, m
- that into which a thing goes back i.e. an original type, standard, method, rule, (esp.) a general or universal rule, model, axiom, system, plan, manner, right or fit manner or way, fitness, propriety
- a lawsuit, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, judgement
- a logical or syllogistic argument or inference (consisting of a combination of enthymeme and syllogism, and so having, according to the नैयायिकs 5 members, viz. प्रतिज्ञा, हेतु, उदाहरण, उपनय, निगमन, or according to the वेदान्तिन्s 3 members)
- a system of philosophy delivered by गोतम or गौतम (it is one of the six दर्शनस् q.v., and is perhaps so called, because it ‘goes into’ all subjects physical and metaphysical according to the above syllogistic method treated of in one division of the system ; its branch is called वैशेषिक)
- likeness, analogy, a popular maxim or apposite illustration (cf. काकाक्षि-, घुणाक्षर-, दण्डापूप. &c.)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | न्यायः (nyāyáḥ) | न्यायौ (nyāyaú) न्याया¹ (nyāyā́¹) |
न्यायाः (nyāyā́ḥ) न्यायासः¹ (nyāyā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | न्यायम् (nyāyám) | न्यायौ (nyāyaú) न्याया¹ (nyāyā́¹) |
न्यायान् (nyāyā́n) |
| instrumental | न्यायेन (nyāyéna) | न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām) | न्यायैः (nyāyaíḥ) न्यायेभिः¹ (nyāyébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | न्यायाय (nyāyā́ya) | न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām) | न्यायेभ्यः (nyāyébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | न्यायात् (nyāyā́t) | न्यायाभ्याम् (nyāyā́bhyām) | न्यायेभ्यः (nyāyébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | न्यायस्य (nyāyásya) | न्याययोः (nyāyáyoḥ) | न्यायानाम् (nyāyā́nām) |
| locative | न्याये (nyāyé) | न्याययोः (nyāyáyoḥ) | न्यायेषु (nyāyéṣu) |
| vocative | न्याय (nyā́ya) | न्यायौ (nyā́yau) न्याया¹ (nyā́yā¹) |
न्यायाः (nyā́yāḥ) न्यायासः¹ (nyā́yāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Pali: ñāya
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀬 (ṇāya)
- → Telugu: నాయము (nāyamu)
- Punjabi: ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃)
- → Hindi: न्याय (nyāy)
- → Kannada: ನ್ಯಾಯ (nyāya)
- → Malayalam: ന്യായം (nyāyaṁ)
- → Tamil: நியாயம் (niyāyam)
- → Telugu: న్యాయము (nyāyamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “न्याय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 572.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nyāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press