पुस्तक
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Doublet of पोथा (pothā) and पोस्त (post).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /pʊs.t̪ək/, [pʊs.t̪ɐk]
- Rhymes: -ək
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) f (Urdu spelling پستک)
- book, manuscript, volume
- पुस्तकें यहाँ बिकती हैं। ― pustakẽ yahā̃ biktī ha͠i. ― Books are sold here.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | पुस्तक pustak |
पुस्तकें pustakẽ |
| oblique | पुस्तक pustak |
पुस्तकों pustakõ |
| vocative | पुस्तक pustak |
पुस्तको pustako |
Synonyms
Derived terms
- पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak)
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
Konkani
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pustək]
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) n (Latin script pustok, Kannada script ಪುಸ್ತಕ್)
Maithili
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pʊstək]
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) (Tirhuta 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏)
Synonyms
- किताप (kitāp)
Derived terms
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
Marathi
Etymology
| नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): पुस्तक n (pustak) |
| स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): पुस्तिका f (pustikā) |
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pus.t̪ək/
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak) n
- book
- मला हे पुस्तक खूप आवडले.
- malā he pustak khūp āvaḍle.
- I really liked this book.
Declension
| Declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
पुस्तक pustak | ||
| direct plural |
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
पुस्तक pustak |
पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
पुस्तका pustakā |
पुस्तकां- pustakān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
पुस्तकाला pustakālā |
पुस्तकांना pustakānnā | |
| ergative | पुस्तकाने, पुस्तकानं pustakāne, pustakāna |
पुस्तकांनी pustakānnī | |
| instrumental | पुस्तकाशी pustakāśī |
पुस्तकांशी pustakānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
पुस्तकात pustakāt |
पुस्तकांत pustakāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
पुस्तका pustakā |
पुस्तकांनो pustakānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
पुस्तकाचा pustakāċā |
पुस्तकाचे pustakāċe |
पुस्तकाची pustakācī |
पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā |
पुस्तकाचे, पुस्तकाचं pustakāċe, pustakāċa |
पुस्तकाची pustakācī |
पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
पुस्तकांचा pustakānċā |
पुस्तकांचे pustakānċe |
पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī |
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāncā |
पुस्तकांचे, पुस्तकांचं pustakānċe, pustakānċa |
पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī |
पुस्तकांच्या pustakāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak, “textbook”)
- पुस्तक-विक्री केंद्र (pustak-vikrī kendra, “book stall”)
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālay, “book stall”)
See also
- ग्रंथालय (granthālay, “library”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “पुस्तक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुस्तक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “पुस्तक”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Nepali
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pust̪ʌk]
- Phonetic Devanagari: पुस्तक्
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustak)
Derived terms
- पुस्तकालय (pustakālaya)
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- পুস্তক (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
- পুস্তক (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰲𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- ပုသ္တက (Burmese script)
- પુસ્તક (Gujarati script)
- ਪੁਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍁𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
- ಪುಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
- បុស្តក (Khmer script)
- ປຸສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
- പുസ്തക (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠤᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧔𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
- ପୁସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
- ꢦꢸꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆶𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖲𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
- පුස්තක (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩒𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚰𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
- புஸ்தக (Tamil script)
- పుస్తక (Telugu script)
- ปุสฺตก (Thai script)
- པུ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨃𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Borrowed from some Middle Iranian language. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pwst'k, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian pwstg (pōstag, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); cognate with पवस्त (pavásta), and see the latter for further etymology).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pus.tɐ.kɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pus̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/
Noun
पुस्तक • (pustaka) stem, n
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पुस्तकम् (pustakam) | पुस्तके (pustake) | पुस्तकानि (pustakāni) पुस्तका¹ (pustakā¹) |
| accusative | पुस्तकम् (pustakam) | पुस्तके (pustake) | पुस्तकानि (pustakāni) पुस्तका¹ (pustakā¹) |
| instrumental | पुस्तकेन (pustakena) | पुस्तकाभ्याम् (pustakābhyām) | पुस्तकैः (pustakaiḥ) पुस्तकेभिः¹ (pustakebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | पुस्तकाय (pustakāya) | पुस्तकाभ्याम् (pustakābhyām) | पुस्तकेभ्यः (pustakebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पुस्तकात् (pustakāt) | पुस्तकाभ्याम् (pustakābhyām) | पुस्तकेभ्यः (pustakebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पुस्तकस्य (pustakasya) | पुस्तकयोः (pustakayoḥ) | पुस्तकानाम् (pustakānām) |
| locative | पुस्तके (pustake) | पुस्तकयोः (pustakayoḥ) | पुस्तकेषु (pustakeṣu) |
| vocative | पुस्तक (pustaka) | पुस्तके (pustake) | पुस्तकानि (pustakāni) पुस्तका¹ (pustakā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
Descendants
- Assamese: পুথি (puthi)
- Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)
- → Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)
- Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)
- Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)
- → Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)
- → Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)
- Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)
- Kumaoni: पोथी
- → Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)
- → Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)
- → Malay: pustaka
- Indonesian: pustaka
- → Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṁ)
- → Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)
- → Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)
- Odia: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (pothā)
- Pali: potthaka
- Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)
- → Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)
- Marwari: पोथी (pothī)
- Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)
- Sinhalese: පොත (pota)
- Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)
- → Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)
- → Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)
- → Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
- → Urdu: پستک (pustak)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “पुस्तक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0640/3.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pōstaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 478
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331—332
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1963) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 319