मुष्टि
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭí). Doublet of मूठ (mūṭh), मुट्ठी (muṭṭhī), and मुठिया (muṭhiyā).
Cognate to Persian مشت (môsht)
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /mʊʂ.ʈiː/
Noun
मुष्टि • (muṣṭi) f
- (rare, formal) a fist
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियाँ muṣṭiyā̃ |
| oblique | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियों muṣṭiyõ |
| vocative | मुष्टि muṣṭi |
मुष्टियो muṣṭiyo |
References
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “मुष्टि”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मुष्टि”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “मुष्टि”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- মুষ্টি (Assamese script)
- ᬫᬸᬱ᭄ᬝᬶ (Balinese script)
- মুষ্টি (Bengali script)
- 𑰦𑰲𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- မုၑ္ဋိ (Burmese script)
- મુષ્ટિ (Gujarati script)
- ਮੁਸ਼੍ਟਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦩꦸꦰ꧀ꦛꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧𑂳𑂭𑂹𑂗𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (Kannada script)
- មុឞ្ដិ (Khmer script)
- ມຸຩ຺ຏິ (Lao script)
- മുഷ്ടി (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᡠᢢᢞᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦𑘳𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠤᢔᢌᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆𑧔𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩𑐸𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐶 (Newa script)
- ମୁଷ୍ଟି (Odia script)
- ꢪꢸꢰ꣄ꢜꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩𑆶𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦𑖲𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖰 (Siddham script)
- මුෂ්ටි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴𑩒𑪀 𑪙𑩦𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢𑚰𑚶𑚔𑚮 (Takri script)
- முஷ்டி (Tamil script)
- ముష్టి (Telugu script)
- มุษฺฏิ (Thai script)
- མུ་ཥྚི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧𑒳𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢𑨃𑨯𑩇𑨔𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *muštíš (“fist”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬌 (mušti), Middle Persian mwšt' (mušt).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /muʂ.ʈí/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /muʂ.ʈi/
Noun
मुष्टि • (muṣṭí) stem, m or f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मुष्टिः (muṣṭíḥ) | मुष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मुष्टयः (muṣṭáyaḥ) |
| accusative | मुष्टिम् (muṣṭím) | मुष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मुष्टीन् (muṣṭī́n) |
| instrumental | मुष्टिना (muṣṭínā) मुष्ट्या¹ (muṣṭyā́¹) |
मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभिः (muṣṭíbhiḥ) |
| dative | मुष्टये (muṣṭáye) | मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभ्यः (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मुष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) | मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभ्यः (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मुष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) | मुष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मुष्टीनाम् (muṣṭīnā́m) |
| locative | मुष्टौ (muṣṭaú) मुष्टा¹ (muṣṭā́¹) |
मुष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मुष्टिषु (muṣṭíṣu) |
| vocative | मुष्टे (múṣṭe) | मुष्टी (múṣṭī) | मुष्टयः (múṣṭayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | मुष्टिः (muṣṭíḥ) | मुष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मुष्टयः (muṣṭáyaḥ) |
| accusative | मुष्टिम् (muṣṭím) | मुष्टी (muṣṭī́) | मुष्टीः (muṣṭī́ḥ) |
| instrumental | मुष्ट्या (muṣṭyā́) मुष्टी¹ (muṣṭī́¹) |
मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभिः (muṣṭíbhiḥ) |
| dative | मुष्टये (muṣṭáye) मुष्ट्यै² (muṣṭyaí²) मुष्टी¹ (muṣṭī́¹) |
मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभ्यः (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| ablative | मुष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) मुष्ट्याः² (muṣṭyā́ḥ²) मुष्ट्यै³ (muṣṭyaí³) |
मुष्टिभ्याम् (muṣṭíbhyām) | मुष्टिभ्यः (muṣṭíbhyaḥ) |
| genitive | मुष्टेः (muṣṭéḥ) मुष्ट्याः² (muṣṭyā́ḥ²) मुष्ट्यै³ (muṣṭyaí³) |
मुष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मुष्टीनाम् (muṣṭīnā́m) |
| locative | मुष्टौ (muṣṭaú) मुष्ट्याम्² (muṣṭyā́m²) मुष्टा¹ (muṣṭā́¹) |
मुष्ट्योः (muṣṭyóḥ) | मुष्टिषु (muṣṭíṣu) |
| vocative | मुष्टे (múṣṭe) | मुष्टी (múṣṭī) | मुष्टयः (múṣṭayaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Later Sanskrit
- ³Brāhmaṇas
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Kalasha: muṣṭí
- Kashmiri: مۄٹھ (mọṭh)
- Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (muṭṭhi) (see there for further descendants)
- → Bengali: মুষ্টি (muśṭi)
- → Gujarati: મુષ્ટિ (muṣṭi)
- → Kannada: ಮುಷ್ಟಿ (muṣṭi)
- → Old Javanese: muṣṭi
- → Javanese: ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi)
- → Tamil: முஷ்டி (muṣṭi)
- → Telugu: ముష్టి (muṣṭi)
- → Hindi: मुष्टि (muṣṭi) (learned)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “मुष्टि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 824.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मुष्टि”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 363
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “muṣṭí”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “muṣṭi”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.