mesti

See also: mestî, mēšti, and мести

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay mesti, from Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, fist, clenched hand). Doublet of pasti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [məsˈti]
  • Hyphenation: mês‧ti

Adverb

mêsti

  1. must
    Synonym: harus
  2. sure
    Synonyms: pasti, tentu

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Further reading

Italian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmɛs.ti/
  • Rhymes: -ɛsti
  • Hyphenation: mè‧sti

Adjective

mesti

  1. masculine plural of mesto

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmes.ti/, /ˈmɛs.ti/
  • Rhymes: -esti, -ɛsti
  • Hyphenation: mé‧sti, mè‧sti

Verb

mesti

  1. inflection of mestare:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
    3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese mister.

Verb

mesti

  1. must
  2. to need

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *met-;[1][2] according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (to measure).[3] Cognate with Latvian mest (to throw), Proto-Slavic *mesti (to throw; to sweep) (whence Polish mieść (to throw; sweep)),[4] and see the Proto-Slavic for more.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈmʲɛsʲtʲɪ]

Verb

mèsti (third-person present tense mẽta, third-person past tense mẽtė)

  1. to throw[5]
  2. to drop
  3. to give up (a habit, such as smoking)
Conjugation
Conjugation of mesti
singular vienaskaita plural daugiskaita
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative present metù meti̇̀ mẽta mẽtame,
mẽtam
mẽtate,
mẽtat
mẽta
past mečiaũ metei̇̃ mẽtė mẽtėme,
mẽtėm
mẽtėte,
mẽtėt
mẽtė
past frequentative mèsdavau mèsdavai mèsdavo mèsdavome,
mèsdavom
mèsdavote,
mèsdavot
mèsdavo
future mèsiu mèsi mès mèsime,
mèsim
mèsite,
mèsit
mès
subjunctive mèsčiau mèstum mèstų mèstumėme,
mèstumėm,
mèstume
mèstumėte,
mèstumėt
mèstų
imperative mèsk,
mèski
temẽta mèskime,
mèskim
mèskite,
mèskit
temẽta
Participles of mesti
adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present mẽtąs, mẽtantis mẽtomas
past mẽtęs mèstas
past frequentative mèsdavęs
future mèsiąs, mèsiantis mèsimas
participle of necessity mèstinas
adverbial
special pusdalyvis mèsdamas
half-participle present mẽtant
past mẽtus
past frequentative mèsdavus
future mèsiant
manner of action būdinys mestè, mestinai
Synonyms
  • (to throw): blokšti, drėbti, sviesti; (iteratively) mėtyti
Derived terms
Prefixed verbs
  • išmesti
  • įmesti
  • numesti
Nouns
  • metė́jas m, metė́ja f
  • meti̇̀kas m, meti̇̀kė f
  • meti̇̀mas m (verbal noun)

(nouns):

(verb):

  • mėtyti

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mʲɛsʲˈtʲɪ]

Participle

mesti̇̀ m

  1. nominative masculine plural of mẽstas

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “mesti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 313-4
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 308-309, →ISBN
  3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “703-04”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 703-04
  4. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “mieść”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 335
  5. ^ “mesti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

Anagrams

Malay

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA(key): [məsti], [mesti]

Adverb

mesti (Jawi spelling مستي)

  1. must

Synonyms

Descendants

  • > Indonesian: mesti (inherited)

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mêsti/
  • Hyphenation: me‧sti

Verb

mȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ме̏сти)

  1. (ambitransitive) to sweep

Conjugation

Conjugation of mesti
infinitive mesti
present verbal adverb mètūći
past verbal adverb
verbal noun mètēnje
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present metem meteš mete metemo metete metu
future future I mest ću1
mešću
mest ćeš1
mešćeš
mest će1
mešće
mest ćemo1
mešćemo
mest ćete1
mešćete
mest ćē1
mešće
future II bȕdēm meo2 bȕdēš meo2 bȕdē meo2 bȕdēmo meli2 bȕdēte meli2 bȕdū meli2
past perfect meo sam2 meo si2 meo je2 meli smo2 meli ste2 meli su2
pluperfect3 bȉo sam meo2 bȉo si meo2 bȉo je meo2 bíli smo meli2 bíli ste meli2 bíli su meli2
imperfect metijah / metah metijaše / metaše metijaše / metaše metijasmo / metasmo metijaste / metaste metijahu / metahu
conditional conditional I meo bih2 meo bi2 meo bi2 meli bismo2 meli biste2 meli bi2
conditional II4 bȉo bih meo2 bȉo bi meo2 bȉo bi meo2 bíli bismo meli2 bíli biste meli2 bíli bi meli2
imperative mèti mètimo mètite
active past participle meo m / mela f / melo n meli m / mele f / mela n
passive past participle meten m / metena f / meteno n meteni m / metene f / metena n

1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading

  • mesti”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mésti impf

  1. to sweep
Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *męsti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mèːsti/, /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mẹ́sti or mésti impf

  1. to churn (butter)
Conjugation
Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive mẹ́sti, mésti
1st singular mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem
infinitive mẹ́sti, mésti mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
supine mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
verbal noun mẹ́denje, mẹ́tenje, medénje, meténje
participle converb
present medọ̄č, metọ̄č
past mẹ̑den, mẹ̑ten, medȅn, metȅn
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular mẹ̄dəł, mẹ̄təł mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla mẹ́dlo, mẹ́tlo, mēdlo, mētlo
dual mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli
plural mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli mẹ́dle, mẹ́tle, mēdle, mētle mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla
present imperative
1st singular mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem
2nd singular mẹ́deš, mẹ́teš, médeš, méteš mẹ́di, mẹ́ti, médi, méti
3rd singular mẹ́de, mẹ́te, méde, méte
1st dual mẹ́deva, mẹ́teva, médeva, méteva mẹ́diva, mẹ́tiva, medȋva, metȋva
2nd dual mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta mẹ́dita, mẹ́tita, medȋta, metȋta
3rd dual mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta
1st plural mẹ́demo, mẹ́temo, médemo, métemo mẹ́dimo, mẹ́timo, medȋmo, metȋmo
2nd plural mẹ́dete, mẹ́tete, médete, métete mẹ́dite, mẹ́tite, medȋte, metȋte
3rd plural mẹ́dejo, mẹ́tejo, médejo, métejo
Derived terms
  • zmẹ́sti

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mesti

  1. inflection of mesto:
    1. nominative/accusative dual
    2. instrumental plural

Further reading

  • mesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • mesti”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references