मैं
Dogri
Etymology
From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.
Pronoun
मैं (ma͠i)
Hindi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Hindi मैं (maiṃ), from Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.[1][2][3]
Cognate to Punjabi ਮੈਂ (maĩ), Nepali म (ma), Assamese মই (moi), Odia ମୁଁ (mũ) , Sylheti ꠝꠥꠁ (mui), Bengali মুই (mui), Marathi मी (mī), all deriving from oblique forms of the first-person personal pronoun.
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /mɛ̃ː/
- (dialectal) (Delhi) IPA(key): /mə.ĩː/, [mɐ.ĩː]
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
मैं • (ma͠i) m or f (Urdu spelling مَیں)
Inflection
| direct | मैं (ma͠i) |
|---|---|
| indirect | मुझ (mujh) |
| ergative | मैंने (ma͠ine) |
| genitive | मेरा (merā) |
| dative | मुझे, मुझको (mujhe, mujhko) |
| instrumental/ ablative |
मुझसे (mujhse) |
| inessive | मुझमें (mujhmẽ) |
| adessive | मुझपे, मुझपर (mujhpe, mujhpar) |
| terminative | मुझतक (mujhtak) |
| semblative | मुझसा (mujhsā) |
Synonyms
- हम (ham) (dialectal, colloquial)
References
- ^ Vit Bubenik, Chitra Paranjape (April 1996) “Development of Pronominal Systems from Apabhraṃśa to New Indo-Aryan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal[1], volume 39, number 2, Brill, pages 111–132
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages[2], Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass
Further reading
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मैं”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “मैं”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “मैं”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Kumaoni
Etymology
From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.
Pronoun
मैं (ma͠i)
Old Hindi
Alternative forms
- मै (mai)
Etymology
Inherited from Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.
Pronoun
मैं (maiṃ)
- I
- c. 1500, Kabir, Assorted Poetry, pad 76, line 3:
- जग मैं देषूँ जग न देषि मोहि
- jaga maiṃ deṣūm̐ jaga na deṣi mohi
- I see the world, [but] the world does not see me.