यन्त्र
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- যন্ত্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬦ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- যন্ত্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰡𑰿𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ယန္တြ (Burmese script)
- યન્ત્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਯਨ੍ਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂢𑂹𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಯನ್ತ್ರ (Kannada script)
- យន្ត្រ (Khmer script)
- ຍນ຺ຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- യന്ത്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᠠᠨᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘡𑘿𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧁𑧠𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐣𑑂𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢫꢥ꣄ꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆤𑇀𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖡𑖿𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- යන්ත්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩯 𑪙𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚝𑚶𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- யந்த்ர (Tamil script)
- యన్త్ర (Telugu script)
- ยนฺตฺร (Thai script)
- ཡ་ནྟྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒢𑓂𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨝𑩇𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *yem-tró-m (“instrument of restraining”), from *yem- (“to hold, to restrain”). See also the root यम् (yam).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /jɐn.tɾɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /jɐn̪.t̪ɾɐ/
Noun
यन्त्र • (yantrá) stem, n
- any instrument for holding or restraining or fastening, a prop, support, barrier; a fetter, band, tie, thong, rein
- a surgical instrument (especially a blunt one, such as tweezers)
- any instrument or apparatus, mechanical contrivance, engine, machine, implement, appliance (as a bolt or lock on a door, oars or sails in a boat. etc.)
- restraint, force
- an amulet, mystical diagram supposed to possess occult powers
- (modern) a machine
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | यन्त्रम् (yantrám) | यन्त्रे (yantré) | यन्त्राणि (yantrā́ṇi) यन्त्रा¹ (yantrā́¹) |
| accusative | यन्त्रम् (yantrám) | यन्त्रे (yantré) | यन्त्राणि (yantrā́ṇi) यन्त्रा¹ (yantrā́¹) |
| instrumental | यन्त्रेण (yantréṇa) | यन्त्राभ्याम् (yantrā́bhyām) | यन्त्रैः (yantraíḥ) यन्त्रेभिः¹ (yantrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | यन्त्राय (yantrā́ya) | यन्त्राभ्याम् (yantrā́bhyām) | यन्त्रेभ्यः (yantrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | यन्त्रात् (yantrā́t) | यन्त्राभ्याम् (yantrā́bhyām) | यन्त्रेभ्यः (yantrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | यन्त्रस्य (yantrásya) | यन्त्रयोः (yantráyoḥ) | यन्त्राणाम् (yantrā́ṇām) |
| locative | यन्त्रे (yantré) | यन्त्रयोः (yantráyoḥ) | यन्त्रेषु (yantréṣu) |
| vocative | यन्त्र (yántra) | यन्त्रे (yántre) | यन्त्राणि (yántrāṇi) यन्त्रा¹ (yántrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit:
- Pali: yanta
Borrowings
- → Assamese: যঁতৰ (zõtor), যন্ত্ৰ (zontro)
- → Baluchi: [script needed] (ǰandar, ǰantar, ǰanthir, ǰāthar, ǰathir)
- → Bengali: যন্তর (jontor), যন্ত্র (jontro)
- → Odia: ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (jantra)
- → Punjabi: ਜੰਦਰਾ (jandrā)
- → English: yantra
- → Kannada: ಯಂತ್ರ (yantra)
- → Malay: jentera
- Indonesian: jentera
- → Malayalam: യന്ത്രം (yantraṁ)
- → Burmese: ယန္တရား (yanta.ra:)
- → Pashto: يندره (jandrá)
- → Persian: جندره (jandara) (see there for further descendants)
- → Tamil: இயந்திரம் (iyantiram)
- → Telugu: యంత్రము (yantramu)
- → Tocharian B: yāntärne
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) “yantrám”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 7
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “यन्त्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 845/2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “यन्त्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1923) “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, pages 259–265